100 Series Shinkansen

100 series
100 series Grand Hikari trainset, January 1997
In service	1985–16 March 2012
Manufacturer	Hitachi, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kinki Sharyo, Nippon Sharyo, Tokyu Car Corporation
Constructed	1984–1991
Refurbishment	2000–2004
Scrapped	1999–2012
Number built	1,056 vehicles (66 sets)
Number in service	None
Number preserved	5 vehicles
Formation	4, 6, 12 or 16 cars per trainset
Capacity	4-car P sets 250 6-car K sets 394 12-car G sets 1,031 (68 Green + 963 Standard) 16-car X sets 1,277 (124 Green + 1,153 Standard) 16-car V sets 1,285 (126 Green + 1,159 Standard) 16-car G sets 1,321 (168 Green + 1,153 Standard)
Operator(s)	JNR (1985–1987) JR Central (1987–2003) JR West (1989–2012)
Depot(s)	Hakata
Line(s) served	Tokaido Shinkansen, Sanyo Shinkansen, Hakata-Minami Line
Specifications
Car body construction	Steel
Car length	25,000 mm (82 ft 0 in) (intermediate cars) 26,050 mm (85 ft 6 in) (end cars)
Width	3,383 mm (11 ft 1.2 in)
Height	4,000 mm (13 ft 1 in) 4,488 mm (14 ft 8.7 in) (Bilevel car)
Doors	Two per side
Maximum speed	220 km/h (137 mph) (230 km/h (143 mph) for the former V sets)
Traction system	Thyristor drive
Acceleration	1.6 km/(h·s) (0.99 mph/s) for the former V sets)
Deceleration	2.6 km/(h·s) (2.4 ft/s2)
Electric system(s)	25 kV AC, 60 Hz, overhead catenary
Current collection method	Pantograph
Bogies	DT202 (motored), TR7000 (trailer)
Safety system(s)	ATC-1
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)

The 100 series (100系) was a Japanese Shinkansen high-speed train type which operated between 1984 and 2012 on the Tokaido Shinkansen and Sanyo Shinkansen high-speed lines. They were introduced after the 200 series trains, but their numbering is such because in the days of Japanese National Railways (JNR), Shinkansen types running east of Tokyo were given even numbers and those west of Tokyo odd numbers, hence they were given the next odd number in line after 0, 100. The last remaining examples of the type were withdrawn from service following the last runs on 16 March 2012.

Design

They differ visibly from the earlier 0 series in that the nose profile is more pointed. Another not so visible difference for the 16-car sets was that not all cars were powered; the driving cars on each end were unpowered, as were the two bilevel center cars. Some later production sets had powered driving cars and four unpowered bilevel trailers in the middle instead. The bilevel trailer cars contained a combination of restaurant cars, and first class compartments, or open-plan first class seating and first class compartments, or open-plan first class seating and refreshment cars.

External livery was white (White No. 3) and blue (Blue No. 20).

Following their removal from front-line service, 100 series sets were later reformed into smaller 4 and 6 car sets for the slower Kodama services on the Sanyo Shinkansen line. These 4- and 6-car trains did not have bilevel cars.

Variants

Pre-series unit

Originally numbered X0, the pre-series set X1 was delivered in 1985, with test running commencing from 27 March that year. It entered revenue service for passenger evaluation trials on Hikari services from 1 October 1985. This unit differed externally from later production units in having small windows aligned with each seating bay, and also had a slanting headlight arrangement. The type 116 Green (first class) car formed as car 10 initially included one two-seat and two single-seat compartments, but these were removed when the set was modified to full-production standard in 1986.

Set X0 was formed as shown below, with car 1 at the Hakata end.

Car No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Designation	Tc	M'	M	M'	M	M'	M5	TDD	TsD	Ms'	M7	M'	M	M'	M	T'c
Numbering	123-9001	126-9001	125-9001	126-9002	125-9002	126-9003	125-9501	168-9001	149-9001	116-9001	125-9701	126-9004	125-9003	126-9005	125-9004	124-9001

Set X1 was withdrawn in March 2000.

• 

  Pre-series unit X1 on a Kodama service, October 1998

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  Bilevel dining car 168-9001 carrying the original "NS" ("New Shinkansen") logo stickers, September 1985

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  Interior of bilevel restaurant car 168-9001 preserved at SCMaglev and Railway Park, April 2011

16-car X sets

Set X3, 1987

Following passenger evaluation trials with the pre-series set X1, a total of seven X sets were built for use on Tokaido and Sanyo Shinkansen Hikari services. The first four production units entered service from 13 June 1986 as 12-car sets without bilevel trailer cars, numbered G1 to G4, and were used on Tokaido Kodama services until October in the same year. These sets were formed as shown below.

Car No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Designation	Tc	M'	M	M'	M7	M'	M5	Ms'	M	M'	M	T'c
Numbering	123	126	125	126	125-700	126	125-500	116	125	126	125	124

Cars 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 were each fitted with cross-arm pantographs.

These units were subsequently renumbered as 16-car sets X2 to X5 with the inclusion of bilevel trailer cars, and were introduced on Hikari services from November 1986.

The noticeable difference over previous (0 series and 200 series) shinkansen designs was the inclusion of two bilevel trailer cars in the centre of the formation. The type 168 car had a restaurant area on the upper deck with kitchen facilities and a small buffet counter on the lower deck. The adjacent type 149 car provided private compartments for Green class passengers on the lower deck, with open-plan green car accommodation on the upper deck.

From March 1998, the X sets were redeployed to Tokaido Kodama services. The restaurant cars were no longer used, and fittings were subsequently removed. The fleet of X sets contained the oldest members of the 100 series fleet, and the first withdrawals started in August 1999. From the new timetable change of 2 October 1999, X sets were no longer assigned to regular workings, with the remaining examples subsequently limited to holiday period extra trains. The last remaining units were withdrawn by April 2000.

Formation

The 16-car X sets were formed as follows.

Car No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Designation	Tc	M'	M	M'	M	M'	M5	TDD	TsD	Ms'	M7	M'	M	M'	M	T'c
Numbering	123	126	125	126	125	126	125-500	168	149	116	125-700	126	125	126	125	124
Seating capacity	65	100	90	100	90	100	80	44	56	68	73	100	90	100	90	75

Cars 2, 6, and 12 were equipped with cross-arm pantographs. (The pantographs on cars 4, 10, and 14 were removed in 1995.)

16-car G sets

JR West set G1 on a Kodama service, May 2003

The G sets were officially classified as "100' series", and 50 units were built from 1988. They differed from the initial X sets in having a type 148 bilevel trailer car in place of the type 168 restaurant car. This had open-plan Green car accommodation on the upper deck, and a self-service cafeteria area on the lower deck. While originally used exclusively on Hikari services, in later years, these units were more commonly seen on Tokaido Kodama services. The last remaining sets owned by JR Central and JR West were withdrawn in September 2003 before the start of the new Tokaido Shinkansen timetable the following October.

Formation

The 16-car G sets were formed as follows.

Car No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Designation	Tc	M'	M	M'	M	M'	M5	TsD	TsD	Ms'	M7	M'	M	M'	M	T'c
Numbering	123	126	125	126	125	126	125-500	148	149	116	125-700	126	125	126	125	124
Seating capacity	65	100	90	100	90	100	80	42	58	68	73	100	90	100	90	75

Cars 2, 6, and 12 were equipped with cross-arm pantographs.

• 

  Bilevel cars 8 and 9 of set G49, April 2003

16-car V sets (100-3000 series)

Set V5 Grand Hikari

The nine V sets (also referred to as "100N") operated by JR West included four bilevel trailer cars, which provided 2+2 standard class reserved seating accommodation on the lower decks, and restaurant and Green class accommodation on the upper decks. These sets originally ran under the marketing name Grand Hikari, but from May 2002 onwards were limited to use on the Sanyo Shinkansen only. The restaurant cars in these units were decommissioned from March 2000. Two V sets (V1, V6) were reformed as new 4-car P sets in 2000 to replace life-expired 0 series R sets on Sanyo Shinkansen Kodama services, and the remaining sets were subsequently used to donate cars as they were withdrawn. The last operational set, V2 (with four bilevel trailer cars from set V9), was withdrawn after being used on special Sayonara Grand Hikari runs in November 2002.

Formation

The 16-car V sets were formed as follows.

Car No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Designation	Mc	M'	M	M'	M8	M'	TsD	TDD	TsD	T'sD	M7	M'	M	M'	M	M'c
Numbering	121-3000	126-3000	125-3000	126-3000	125-3000	126-3000	179-3100	168-3000	179-3700	178-3000	125-3700	126-3000	125-3000	126-3000	125-3000	122-3000
Seating capacity	65	100	90	100	90	100	80	44	58	68	73	100	90	100	90	75

Cars 4, 6, 12, and 14 were equipped with cross-arm pantographs.

• 

  Interior view of 168-3000 restaurant car, July 1999

4-car P sets

Set P11 in JR West "Kodama" livery, August 2009

JR West training set P2 at Shimonoseki, August 2009

The first of two reformed 4-car P sets was introduced on Sanyo Shinkansen Kodama services from October 2000. P1 was reformed from set V1, with the traction motors in the two end cars (renumbered in -5000 series) replaced by those from surplus JR West G set cars. P2 was reformed from unit V6 in October 2000. Subsequent sets P3 and P4 were formed in 2001 by transplanting the cab sections of surplus non-powered G set cars onto powered intermediate cars renumbered into the 121-5050 and 122-5050 series. Set P1 was the first to be repainted into the new JR West "fresh green" Kodama livery, in August 2002, and the entire fleet of twelve sets (P1–P12) had been similarly treated by March 2005.

Formation

Car No.	1	2	3	4
Designation	Mc	M'	M7	M'c
Numbering	121-5000	126-3000	125-3700	122-5000
Seating capacity	52	80	58	60

Cars 2 and 4 were equipped with cross-arm pantographs.

Interior

The first three sets (P1 to P3) were refurbished in February and March 2002 with 2+2 abreast seating using former West Hikari seats. Sets from P4 onward (formed in August 2001) had 2+2 seating from the outset.

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  Interior of set P5, showing 2+2 seating, May 2002

Set P2 was withdrawn on 9 February 2009, and moved to the JR West training centre at Shimonoseki, where it replaced the former 0 series set Q3 as a static training set. P2's role as a training set ended in March 2013.

The last P sets in revenue service were withdrawn by 11 March 2011.

6-car K sets

Set K53 in original white/blue livery, July 2003

Set K57 in JR West "Kodama" livery, July 2003

The first 6-car K set (K51) was formed in January 2002 for use on Sanyo Shinkansen Kodama services from February 2002. These sets feature 2+2 abreast seating throughout, utilizing former Green class seats from withdrawn 100 series cars. Sets started appearing in the new JR West Kodama livery from August 2002, with all ten sets (K51–K60) similarly treated by August 2004.

Three K sets were returned to the original white/blue livery from July 2010. The first set treated, K53, was returned to traffic on 14 July 2010.

These sets were withdrawn from service on 16 March 2012.

Formation

Car No.	1	2	3	4	5	6
Designation	Mc	M'	M7	M'	M7	M'c
Numbering	121-5000	126-3000	125-3700	126-3200	125-3000	122-5000
Seating capacity	52	80	58	72	72	60

Cars 2 and 6 were equipped with cross-arm pantographs.

Preserved examples

• 123-1 (set X2) and 168-9001 (set X1) at the SCMaglev and Railway Park since March 2011.
• 122-5003 (from set K54, formerly 122-3003 from set V3) at Hakata General Depot, Fukuoka Prefecture This is scheduled to be put on display at the Kyoto Railway Museum when it opens in spring 2016.
• 168-3009 and 179-3009 (both from set V9) at Hakata General Depot, Fukuoka Prefecture

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  Preserved car 123-1 (from set X2) at SCMaglev and Railway Park, July 2012

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  Preserved bilevel restaurant car 168-9001 (from set X1) at Hamamatsu Works, July 2007

See also

• List of high-speed trains