1260
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 12th century – 13th century – 14th century |
| Decades: | 1230s 1240s 1250s – 1260s – 1270s 1280s 1290s |
| Years: | 1257 1258 1259 – 1260 – 1261 1262 1263 |
| 1260 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Art and literature | |
| 1260 in poetry | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1260 MCCLX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2013 |
| Armenian calendar | 709 ԹՎ ՉԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6010 |
| Bengali calendar | 667 |
| Berber calendar | 2210 |
| English Regnal year | 44 Hen. 3 – 45 Hen. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1804 |
| Burmese calendar | 622 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6768–6769 |
| Chinese calendar | 己未年 (Earth Goat) 3956 or 3896 — to — 庚申年 (Metal Monkey) 3957 or 3897 |
| Coptic calendar | 976–977 |
| Discordian calendar | 2426 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1252–1253 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5020–5021 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1316–1317 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1182–1183 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4361–4362 |
| Holocene calendar | 11260 |
| Igbo calendar | 260–261 |
| Iranian calendar | 638–639 |
| Islamic calendar | 658–659 |
| Japanese calendar | Shōgen 2 / Bun'ō 1 (文応元年) |
| Julian calendar | 1260 MCCLX |
| Korean calendar | 3593 |
| Minguo calendar | 652 before ROC 民前652年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1802–1803 |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1260. |
Livonia in 1260
Year 1260 (MCCLX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Africa
- October 24 – Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt, is assassinated by Baibars, who seizes power for himself.
- The civil servant and bard longing for lost al-Andalus Ibn al-Abbar is burnt at the stake by the Marinid ruler.
Asia
- Toluid Civil War begins between Kublai Khan and Ariq Böke for the title of Great Khan.
- May 5 – Kublai Khan becomes a claimant to the Mongol Empire after the death of Möngke Khan.
- May 21 – Kublai sends his envoy Hao Jing to negotiate with Song dynasty Chancellor Jia Sidao, after the small force left by Kublai south of the Yangtze river is destroyed by a Chinese army of the Southern Song dynasty. Chancellor Jia Sidao imprisons the entire embassy of Kublai. This slight will not be forgotten by Kublai, but he is unable to assault the Song due to the civil war with his rival brother Ariq Böke.
- September 3 – The Mamluks defeat the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in Galilee, marking their first decisive defeat and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire.
- The Sena dynasty of Bengal falls.
- The Chinese era Jingding begins and ends in the Southern Song dynasty of China.
- The Japanese Shōgen era ends, and the Bun'ō era begins.
- The Hindu Silharya dynasty, which ruled an area around Mumbai, ends.
Europe
- July 12 – Battle of Kressenbrunn: King Ottokar II of Bohemia captures Styria from King Béla IV of Hungary.
- July 13 – Livonian Crusade: The Baltic Samogitians and Curonians of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania decisively defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Durbe. This leads the Estonians of Saaremaa Island once again to rebel against the Livonian Order.
- September 4 – Battle of Montaperti: The Sienese Ghibellines, supported by the forces of King Manfred of Sicily, defeat the Florentine Guelphs.
- The Duchy of Saxony is divided into Saxony-Lauenberg and Saxony-Wittenberg, marking the end of the first Saxon state.
- War breaks out in the Valais (in modern-day Switzerland) as the Bishopry of Sion defends against an invasion by the County of Savoy.
- Croatia is divided into two sub-regions ruled by ban; Croatian region on the south and Slavonian region on the north, by the king Béla IV of Hungary.
By topic
Arts and culture
- October 24 – The Cathedral of Chartres is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France (the cathedral is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site).
- Jacobus de Voragine compiles his work, the Golden Legend, a late medieval best-seller.
- The mosaic Christ between the Virgin and St Minias is made on the facade of Florence's Basilica di San Miniato al Monte.
- German musical theorist Franco of Cologne publishes Ars Cantus Mensurabilis, in which he advances a new theory of musical notation in which the length of a musical note is denoted by the shape of that note, a system still used today.
- Construction on the Dunkeld Cathedral begins in Perthshire, Scotland.
- Beginning of the construction begins on the cathedrals at Meißen and Schwerin.
- Nicola Pisano sculpts the pulpit of the Pisa Baptistery.
Religion
- The newly formed Sukhothai Kingdom of Thailand adopts Theravada Buddhism.
- The advent of the Age of the Holy Spirit predicted by Joachim of Fiore, according to his interpretation of the Book of Revelation, chapter 6.
Births
- May 15 or July 25 – John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos (d. 1319)
- August 2 – Kyawswa of Pagan, last ruler of the Pagan Kingdom (k. 1299)
- date unknown
- Enguerrand de Marigny, minister to King Philip IV of France
- probable
- Henry de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham (d. 1339)
- Matthew III Csák, Hungarian oligarch
- Meister Eckhart, German theologian, philosopher and mystic (d. 1328)
- Guillaume de Nogaret, keeper of the seal to King Philip IV of France (d. 1313)
- Maximus Planudes, Byzantine grammarian and theologian (approximate date; d. 1330)
Deaths
- April 28 – Blessed Luchesio Modestini
- May – Marie of Brabant, Holy Roman Empress, wife of Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (alternative date is June)
- August 9 – Walter of Kirkham, Bishop of Durham
- October 24 – Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt
- December 5 – Aymer de Valence, Bishop of Winchester (b. 1222)
- Ibn al-Abbar, diplomat and scholar (b. 1199)
- Kitbuqa, Mongol military leader (executed)
- Matilda II, Countess of Boulogne
- Sicko Sjaerdema, ruler of Friesland
- probable – Franciscus Accursius, Italian jurist
