1991 FIFA Women's World Cup

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1991 FIFA Women's World Cup
1st FIFA World Championship for Women's Football for the M&Ms Cup
1991年女子世界杯足球赛
140px
Official logo
Tournament details
Host country China
Dates 16 – 30 November
Teams 12 (from 6 confederations)
Venue(s) 6 (in 4 host cities)
Final positions
Champions  United States (1st title)
Runners-up  Norway
Third place  Sweden
Fourth place  Germany
Tournament statistics
Matches played 26
Goals scored 99 (3.81 per match)
Attendance 510,000 (19,615 per match)
Top scorer(s) United States Michelle Akers
(10 goals)
Best player United States Carin Jennings
1995 →

The 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup was the inaugural FIFA Women's World Cup, the world championship for women's national association football teams.[1][2] It took place in Guangdong, China from 16 November to 30 November 1991. FIFA, football's international governing body selected China as host nation as Guangdong had hosted a prototype world championship three years earlier, the 1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament. Matches were played in the state capital, Guangzhou, as well as in Foshan, Jiangmen and Zhongshan. The competition was sponsored by Mars, Incorporated. With FIFA still reluctant to bestow their "World Cup" brand, the tournament was officially known as the 1st FIFA World Championship for Women's Football for the M&M's Cup.[3]

It was won by the United States,[4] whose captain April Heinrichs formed a forward line dubbed the "triple–edged sword" with Carin Jennings and Michelle Akers-Stahl. Jennings was named player of the tournament while Akers-Stahl's ten goals won the Golden Shoe.[5] The United States beat Norway 2–1 in the final in front of a crowd of 65,000 people at Guangzhou's Tianhe Stadium.[6] Total attendance was 510,000, an average per match of 19,615. In the opening match at the same stadium, Norway had been defeated 4–0 by hosts China. Chinese defender Ma Li scored the first goal in Women's World Cup history, while goalkeeper Zhong Honglian, also of China, posted the first official "clean sheet" in the tournament.

The 12 qualified teams were divided into three groups of four (A to C). The top two teams and the two best third-place finishers from the three groups advanced to the knockout round of eight teams.

Venues

1991 FIFA Women's World Cup (Guangdong)
 Yuexiu, Guangzhou Tianhe, Guangzhou Panyu, Guangzhou
Guangdong Provincial Stadium Tianhe Stadium Ying Tung Stadium
Capacity: 25,000 Capacity: 60,000 Capacity: 15,000
Tianhe Stadium.jpg
Foshan Jiangmen Zhongshan
New Plaza Stadium Jiangmen Stadium Zhongshan Stadium
Capacity: 14,000 Capacity: 13,000 Capacity: 12,000

Teams

Qualifying countries

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Main article: 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification

Twelve teams qualified for the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup final tournament. Each of the six FIFA confederations had at least one representative.

Squads

For a list of the squads that disputed the final tournament, see 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup squads.

Match officials

For the first time in FIFA competition, six female officials were included. All functioned as assistant referees, except for Cláudia Vasconcelos who took charge of the third place play–off; becoming the first woman to referee a match sanctioned by FIFA.[7][8]

Tournament review

FIFA's technical report demonstrates that, after the tournament, players and officials were undecided whether to persist with 80 minute matches, or to change to 90 minutes in line with men's football. Opinion was also divided about the suitability of using a size five football. Some teams reported difficulty in sourcing good quality equipment in the correct size.[9]

The tournament was considered a major success in the quality of play and attendances at the games. FIFA president João Havelange wrote that:[10]

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"As president of FIFA it was a special pleasure for me to watch these young ladies playing with such flair and such elegance, and according to the reports of the many media representatives present, making the game truly into a celebration ... women's football is now well and truly established."

The perceived success of the tournament was a significant factor in the subsequent inclusion of women's football in the 1996 Summer Olympics.[11] Sue Lopez reported that although attendances were very high, many tickets were complimentary. The "novelty factor" of women from foreign lands playing football also encouraged local people to attend.[12]

Group Stage

Group A

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 China PR 3 2 1 0 10 3 7 5
 Norway 3 2 0 1 6 5 1 4
 Denmark 3 1 1 1 6 4 2 3
 New Zealand 3 0 0 3 1 11 −10 0

November 16, 1991
20:45
China PR  4–0  Norway
Ma Goal 22'
Liu Goal 45', 50'
Sun Q. Goal 75'		 (Report)
Tianhe Stadium, Guangzhou
Attendance: 65,000
Referee: Salvador Marcone (Chile)

November 17, 1991
19:45
Denmark  3–0  New Zealand
Jensen Goal 15', 40'
MacKensie Goal 42'		 (Report)
Tianhe Stadium, Guangzhou
Attendance: 14,000
Referee: Omer Yengo (Congo)

November 19, 1991
15:30
Norway  4–0  New Zealand
Campbell Goal 30' (o.g.)
Medalen Goal 32', 38'
Riise Goal 49'		 (Report)
Guangdong Provincial Stadium, Guangzhou
Attendance: 12,000
Referee: Salvador Marcone (Chile)

November 19, 1991
19:45
China PR  2–2  Denmark
Sun W. Goal 37'
Wei Goal 76'		 (Report) Kolding Goal 24'
Nissen Goal 55'
Guangdong Provincial Stadium, Guangzhou
Attendance: 27,000
Referee: Vassilios Nikkakis (Greece)

November 21, 1991
19:45
China PR  4–1  New Zealand
Zhou Goal 20'
Liu Goal 22', 60'
Wu Goal 24'		 (Report) Nye Goal 65'
New Plaza Stadium, Foshan
Attendance: 14,000
Referee: Gyanu Raja Shresta (Nepal)

November 21, 1991
19:45
Norway  2–1  Denmark
Svensson Goal 14' (pen.)
Medalen Goal 56'		 (Report) Thychosen Goal 54' (pen.)
Ying Dong Stadium, Panyu
Attendance: 15,500
Referee: Vadim Zhuk (USSR)

Group B

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 United States 3 3 0 0 11 2 9 6
 Sweden 3 2 0 1 12 3 9 4
 Brazil 3 1 0 2 1 7 −6 2
 Japan 3 0 0 3 0 12 −12 0

November 17, 1991
19:45
Japan  0–1  Brazil
(Report) Elane Goal 4'
New Plaza Stadium, Foshan
Attendance: 14,000
Referee: Lu Jun (China)

November 17, 1991
19:45
Sweden  2–3  United States
Videkull Goal 65'
I. Johansson Goal 71'		 (Report) Jennings Goal 40', 49'
Hamm Goal 62'
Ying Dong Stadium, Panyu
Attendance: 14,000
Referee: John Toro Rendón (Colombia)

November 19, 1991
19:45
Japan  0–8  Sweden
(Report) Videkull Goal 1', 11'
Andelen Goal 15', 60'
Lundgren Goal 25'
Nilsson Goal 27'
Sundhage Goal 35'
Yamaguchi Goal 70' (o.g.)
New Plaza Stadium, Foshan
Attendance: 14,000
Referee: Gyanu Raja Shresta (Nepal)

November 19, 1991
19:45
Brazil  0–5  United States
(Report) Heinrichs Goal 23', 35'
Jennings Goal 38'
Akers Goal 39'
Hamm Goal 63'
Ying Dong Stadium, Panyu
Attendance: 15,500
Referee: Vadim Zhuk (USSR)

November 21, 1991
15:30
Japan  0–3  United States
(Report) Akers Goal 20', 37'
Gebauer Goal 39'
New Plaza Stadium, Foshan
Attendance: 14,000
Referee: John Toro Rendón (Colombia)

November 21, 1991
15:30
Brazil  0–2  Sweden
(Report) Sundhage Goal 42' (pen.)
Hedberg Goal 56'
Ying Dong Stadium, Panyu
Attendance: 12,000
Referee: Lu Jun (China)

Group C

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Germany 3 3 0 0 9 0 9 6
 Italy 3 2 0 1 6 2 4 4
 Chinese Taipei 3 1 0 2 2 8 −6 2
 Nigeria 3 0 0 3 0 7 −7 0

November 17, 1991
15:30
Germany  4–0  Nigeria
Neid Goal 16'
Mohr Goal 32', 34'
Göttschlich Goal 57'		 (Report)
Jiangmen Stadium, Jiangmen
Attendance: 14,000
Referee: Rafael Medina (El Salvador)

November 17, 1991
19:45
Chinese Taipei  0–5  Italy
(Report) Ferraguzzi Goal 15'
Marsiletti Goal 29'
Morace Goal 37', 52', 66'
Jiangmen Stadium, Jiangmen
Attendance: 11,000
Referee: Fethi Boucetta (Tunisia)

November 19, 1991
15:30
Italy  1–0  Nigeria
Morace Goal 68' (Report)
Zhongshan Stadium, Zhongshan
Attendance: 12,000
Referee: Jim McCluskey (Scotland)

November 19, 1991
19:45
Chinese Taipei  0–3  Germany
(Report) Wiegmann Goal 10' (pen.)
Mohr Goal 21', 50'
Zhongshan Stadium, Zhongshan
Attendance: 10,000
Referee: Fethi Boucetta (Tunisia)

November 21, 1991
19:45
Chinese Taipei  2–0  Nigeria
Lim Goal 38'
Chou Goal 55'		 (Report)
Jiangmen Stadium, Jiangmen
Attendance: 14,000
Referee: Rafael Medina (El Salvador)

November 21, 1991
19:45
Italy  0–2  Germany
(Report) Mohr Goal 67'
Unsleber Goal 79'
Zhongshan Stadium, Zhongshan
Attendance: 12,000
Referee: Jim McCluskey (Scotland)

Knockout stage

Quarter-finals Semi-finals Final
24 November — Zhongshan        
   United States   7
27 November — Guangzhou
   Chinese Taipei   0  
   United States   5
24 November — Foshan
       Germany   2  
   Germany   2
30 November — Guangzhou
   Denmark   1  
   United States   2
24 November — Guangzhou    
     Norway   1
   China PR   0
27 November — Panyu
   Sweden   1  
   Sweden   1 Third place
24 November — Jiangmen
       Norway   4   29 November — Guangzhou
   Norway   3
   Sweden   4
   Italy   2  
   Germany   0
 

Quarterfinals

November 24, 1991
15:30
Germany  2–1
(a.e.t.)		  Denmark
Wiegmann Goal 17' (pen.)
Mohr Goal 98'		 (Report) MacKensie Goal 25' (pen.)
Zhongshan Stadium, Zhongshan
Attendance: 12,000
Referee: Vassilios Nikkakis (Greece)

November 24, 1991
19:45
China PR  0–1  Sweden
(Report) Sundhage Goal 3'
Tianhe Stadium, Guangzhou
Attendance: 55,000
Referee: John Toro Rendón (Colombia)

November 24, 1991
19:45
Norway  3–2
(a.e.t.)		  Italy
Hegstad Goal 22'
Carlsen Goal 67'
Svensson Goal 96' (pen.)		 (Report) Salmaso Goal 31'
Guarino Goal 80'
Jiangmen Stadium, Jiangmen
Attendance: 13,000
Referee: Rafael Medina (El Salvador)

November 24, 1991
19:45
United States  7–0  Chinese Taipei
Akers Goal 8', 29', 33', 44' (pen.), 48'
Foudy Goal 38'
Biefield Goal 79'		 (Report)
New Plaza Stadium, Foshan
Attendance: 12,000
Referee: Omer Yengo (Congo)

Semifinals

November 27, 1991
15:30
Sweden  1–4  Norway
Videkull Goal 6' (Report) Svensson Goal 39' (pen.)
Medalen Goal 41', 77'
Carlsen Goal 67'
Ying Dong Stadium, Panyu
Attendance: 16,000
Referee: Jim McCluskey (Scotland)

November 27, 1991
19:45
United States  5–2  Germany
Jennings Goal 10', 22', 33'
Heinrichs Goal 54', 75'		 (Report) Mohr Goal 34'
Wiegmann Goal 63'
Guangdong Provincial Stadium, Guangzhou
Attendance: 15,000
Referee: Salvador Marcone (Chile)

Third place

November 29, 1991
19:45
Sweden  4-0  Germany
Andelen Goal 7'
Sundhage Goal 11'
Videkull Goal 29'
Nilsson Goal 43'		 (Report)
Guangdong Provincial Stadium, Guangzhou
Attendance: 20,000
Referee: Claudia Vasconcelos (Brazil)

Final

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Main article: 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup Final

For three days prior to the final both teams stayed at the 843-room luxury White Swan Hotel, a cost saving measure which upset the players. Many felt that male teams would not be asked to share a hotel before a game of comparable importance.[13]

Norway's Birthe Hegstad had played for American coach Anson Dorrance at North Carolina Tar Heels women's soccer from 1985 to 1988.

November 30, 1991
19:45
United States  2–1  Norway
Akers Goal 20', 78' (Report) Medalen Goal 29'
Tianhe Stadium, Guangzhou
Attendance: 63,000
Referee: Vadim Zhuk (USSR)

Awards

 1991 Women's World Cup Winners 

United States
First title
Golden Shoe Winner Golden Ball Winner FIFA Fair Play Trophy
United States Michelle Akers United States Carin Jennings  Germany

Goal scorers

Michelle Akers of the United States won the Golden Shoe award for scoring ten goals. In total, 99 goals were scored from 45 different players with 2 of them credited as own goal.

10 goals
7 goals
6 goals
5 goals
4 goals
3 goals
2 goals
1 goal
Own goals

References

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  7. ↑ Lopez 1997, p. 195
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  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lopez 1997, p. 173
  11. ↑ Lopez 1997, p. 175
  12. ↑ Lopez 1997, p. 207
  13. ↑ Lisi 2010, p. 16

Bibliography

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External links

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