ARM Cortex-A15

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ARM Cortex-A15
Arm 5250 full 1.jpg
Produced In production late 2011,[1] to market late 2012[2]
Designed by ARM Holdings
Max. CPU clock rate 1.0 GHz  to 2.5 GHz 
Min. feature size 32 nm/28 nm initially[3] to 22 nm roadmap[3]
Microarchitecture ARMv7-A
Cores 1–4 per cluster, 1–2 clusters per physical chip[4]
L1 cache 64 KB (32 KB I-cache, 32 KB D-cache) per core
L2 cache Up to 4 MB[5] per cluster
L3 cache none

The ARM Cortex-A15 MPCore is a 32-bit processor core licensed by ARM Holdings implementing the ARMv7-A architecture. It is a multicore processor with out-of-order superscalar pipeline running at up to 2.5 GHz.[6]

Overview

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Main article: Comparison of ARMv7-A cores

ARM has claimed that the Cortex A15 core is 40 percent more powerful than the Cortex-A9 core with the same number of cores at the same speed.[7] The first A15 designs came out in the autumn of 2011, but products based on the chip did not reach the market until 2012.[1]

Key features of the Cortex-A15 core are:

  • 40-bit Large Physical Address Extensions (LPAE) addressing up to 1 TB of RAM.[8][9] As per the x86 Physical Address Extension, virtual address space remains 32 bit.[10]
  • 15 stage integer/17–25 stage floating point pipeline, with out-of-order speculative issue 3-way superscalar execution pipeline[11]
  • 4 cores per cluster, up to 2 clusters per chip with CoreLink 400 (CCI-400, an AMBA-4 coherent interconnect) and 4 clusters per chip with CCN-504.[12] ARM provides specifications but the licencees individually design ARM chips, and AMBA-4 scales beyond 2 clusters. The theoretical limit is 16 clusters; 4 bits are used to code the CLUSTERID number in the CP15 register (bits 8 to 11).[13]
  • DSP and NEON SIMD extensions onboard (per core)
  • VFPv4 Floating Point Unit onboard (per core)
  • Hardware virtualization support
  • Thumb-2 instruction set encoding to reduce the size of programs with little impact on performance
  • TrustZone security extensions
  • Jazelle RCT for JIT compilation
  • Program Trace Macrocell and CoreSight Design Kit for unobtrusive tracing of instruction execution
  • 32 KB data + 32 KB instruction L1 cache per core
  • Integrated low-latency level-2 cache controller, up to 4 MB per cluster

Chips

First implementation came from Samsung in 2012 with the Exynos 5 Dual, which shipped in October 2012 with the Samsung Chromebook Series 3 (ARM version), followed in November by the Google Nexus 10.

Press announcements of current implementations:

Other licensees, such as LG,[22][23] are expected to produce an A15 based design at some point.

Systems on a chip

Model Number Semiconductor technology CPU GPU Memory interface Wireless radio technologies Availability Utilizing devices
HiSilicon K3V3 28 nm HPL big.LITTLE architecture using
1.8 GHz dual-core ARM Cortex-A15
+ dual-core ARM Cortex-A7		 Mali-T628 H2 2014
Nvidia Tegra 4 T40 28 nm HPL 1.9 GHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A15[24] + 1 low power core Nvidia GeForce @ 72 core, 672 MHz, 96.8 GFLOPS = 48 PS + 24 VU × 0.672 × 2 (96.8 GFLOPS)[25](support DirectX 11+, OpenGL 4.X, and PhysX) 32-bit dual-channel DDR3L or LPDDR3 up to 933 MHz (1866 MT/s data rate)[24] Category 3 (100 Mbit/s) LTE Q2 2013 Nvidia Shield Tegra Note 7
Nvidia Tegra 4 AP40 28 nm HPL 1.2-1.8 GHz quad-core + low power core Nvidia GPU 60 [24] cores (support DirectX 11+, OpenGL 4.X, and PhysX) 32-bit dual-channel 800 MHz LPDDR3 Category 3 (100 Mbit/s) LTE Q3 2013
Nvidia Tegra K1 28 nm HPm 2.3 GHz quad-core + battery saver core Kepler SMX (192 CUDA cores, 8 TMUs, 4 ROPs) 32-bit dual-channel DDR3L, LPDDR3 or LPDDR2 Q2 2014 Jetson TK1 development board,[26] Lenovo ThinkVision 28, Xiaomi MiPad, Shield Tablet
Texas Instruments OMAP5430 28 nm 1.7 GHz dual-core PowerVR SGX544MP2 @ 532 MHz + dedicated 2D graphics accelerator 32-bit dual-channel 532 MHz LPDDR2 Q2 2013 phyCore-OMAP5430[27]
Texas Instruments OMAP5432 28 nm 1.5 GHz dual-core PowerVR SGX544MP2 @ 532 MHz + dedicated 2D graphics accelerator 32-bit dual-channel 532 MHz DDR3 Q2 2013 DragonBox Pyra, SVTronics EVM,[28] Compulab SBC-T54[29]
Texas Instruments AM57x 28 nm 1.5 GHz single or dual-core PowerVR SGX544MP2 @ 532 MHz + dedicated 2D graphics accelerator 32-bit dual-channel 532 MHz DDR3 Q4 2015 BeagleBoard x15, Elesar Titanium[30]
Texas Instruments 66AK2x 28 nm 1.5 GHz single, dual, and quad core devices 1-8 C66x DSP cores, radio acceleration, and many other application specific accelerators Q4 2015
Exynos 5 Dual[31]
(previously Exynos 5250)[32]		 32 nm HKMG 1.7 GHz dual-core ARM Cortex-A15 ARM Mali-T604[33] (quad-core) @ 533 MHz; 68.224 GFLOPS[citation needed] 32-bit dual-channel 800 MHz LPDDR3/DDR3 (12.8 GB/sec) or 533 MHz LPDDR2 (8.5 GB/sec) Q3 2012[32] Samsung Chromebook XE303C12,[34] Google Nexus 10, Arndale Board,[35] Huins ACHRO 5250 Exynos,[36] Freelander PD800 HD,[37] Voyo A15, HP Chromebook 11, Samsung Homesync
Exynos 5 Octa[38][39][40]
(internally Exynos 5410)		 28 nm HKMG 1.6 GHz[41] quad-core ARM Cortex-A15 and 1.2 GHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 (ARM big.LITTLE)[42] IT PowerVR SGX544MP3 (tri-core) @ 480 MHz 49 GFLOPS (532 MHz in some full-screen apps)[43] 32-bit dual-channel 800 MHz LPDDR3 (12.8 GB/sec) Q2 2013 Samsung Galaxy S4 I9500,[44][45] Hardkernel ODROID-XU,[46] Meizu MX3, ZTE Grand S II TD[47] ODROID-XU
Exynos 5 Octa[48]
(internally Exynos 5420)		 28 nm HKMG 1.8-1.9 GHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A15 and 1.3 GHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 (ARM big.LITTLE with GTS) ARM Mali-T628 MP6 @ 533 MHz; 109 GFLOPS 32-bit dual-channel 933 MHz LPDDR3e (14.9 GB/sec) Q3 2013 Samsung Chromebook 2 11.6",[49] Samsung Galaxy Note 3,[50] Samsung Galaxy Note 10.1 (2014 Edition), Samsung Galaxy Note Pro 12.2, Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro (12.2 & 10.1), Arndale Octa Board, Galaxy S5 SM-G900H [51]
Exynos 5 Octa[52]
(internally Exynos 5422)		 28 nm HKMG 2.1 GHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A15 and 1.5 GHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 (ARM big.LITTLE with GTS) ARM Mali-T628 MP6 @ 695 MHz (142 Gflops) 32-bit dual-channel 933 MHz LPDDR3/DDR3 (14.9 GB/sec) Q2 2014 Galaxy S5 SM-G900, Hardkernel ODROID-XU3 & ODROID-XU4 [53]
Exynos 5 Octa[54]
(internally Exynos 5800)		 28 nm HKMG 2.1 GHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A15 and 1.3 GHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 (ARM big.LITTLE with GTS) ARM Mali-T628 MP6 @ 695 MHz (142 Gflops) 32-bit dual-channel 933 MHz LPDDR3/DDR3 (14.9 GB/sec) Q2 2014 Samsung Chromebook 2 13,3"[55]
Exynos 5 Hexa[56]
(internally Exynos 5260)		 28 nm HKMG 1.7 GHz dual-core ARM Cortex-A15 and 1.3 GHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 (ARM big.LITTLE with GTS) ARM Mali-T624 32-bit dual-channel 800 MHz LPDDR3 (12.8 GB/sec) Q2 2014 Galaxy Note 3 Neo (announced January 31, 2014), Samsung Galaxy K zoom[57]
Allwinner A80 Octa[58] 28 nm HPm Quad-core ARM Cortex-A15 and Quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 (ARM big.LITTLE with GTS) PowerVR G6230 (Rogue) 32-bit dual-channel DDR3/DDR3L/LPDDR3 or LPDDR2[59]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 TI Reveals OMAP 5: The First ARM Cortex A15 SoC
  2. ↑ ARM Expects First Cortex-A15 Devices in Late 2012
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 ARM Unveils Cortex-A15 MPCore Processor to Dramatically Accelerate Capabilities of Mobile, Consumer and Infrastructure Applications — in the Supporting Technology section
  4. ↑ CoreLink Network Interconnect for AMBA AXI
  5. ↑ Cortex-A15 Processor — Product description
  6. ↑ ARM Cortex-A15 - ARM Processor
  7. ↑ Exclusive : ARM Cortex-A15 "40 Per Cent" Faster Than Cortex-A9
  8. ↑ ARM7 40-bit, virtualization
  9. ↑ ARM e-mail to LINUX: Add support for the Large Physical Address Extensions
  10. ↑ "Calxeda plots server dominance with ARM SoCs."
  11. ↑ Exploring the Design of the Cortex-A15 Processor Travis Lanier
  12. ↑ "ARM A15 web page, Specification tab"
  13. ↑ "Cortex-A15 MPCore Technical Reference Manual"
  14. ↑ Broadcom announces plans for ARM's Cortex-A15 SoC | thinq
  15. ↑ Huawei Announces HiSilicon K3V3 Chipset For Smartphones on Tom's Hardware
  16. ↑ NVIDIA Announces "Project Denver" to Build Custom CPU Cores Based on ARM Architecture, Targeting Personal Computers to Supercomputers - NVIDIA Newsroom
  17. ↑ Samsung Announces Industry First ARM Cortex-A15 Processor Samples for Tablet Computers
  18. ↑ Changing the game: ST-Ericsson Unveils NovaThor™ Family of Smartphone Platforms Combining its Most Advanced Application Processors with the Latest Generation of Modems
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ OMAP™ Applications Processors - OMAP™ 5 Platform
  21. ↑ TI disrupts the embedded market with the most powerful SoCs featuring real-time processing and multimedia
  22. ↑ LG Electronics Licenses ARM Processor Technology to Drive - ARM
  23. ↑ Why LG Getting ARM Cortex A15 License Is A Big Deal | ITProPortal.com
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 http://www.nvidia.com/object/tegra-4-processor.html
  25. ↑ http://www.359gsm.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=127&t=13134&p=26833#p26833
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  50. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  51. ↑ https://www.samsungindiaestore.com/products/mobiles/Galaxy_S5_SM-G900HZWA
  52. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  53. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  54. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  55. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  56. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  57. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  58. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  59. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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