Aborigines (mythology)
The Aborigines (Ancient Greek translation: Ἀβοριγῖνες) in Roman mythology are the oldest inhabitants of central Italy, connected in legendary history with Aeneas, Latinus and Evander. They were supposed to have descended from their mountain home near Reate (an ancient Sabine town) upon Latium, whence they expelled the Siceli and subsequently settled down as Latini under a King Latinus.[1][2]
Etymology
The most generally accepted etymology of the Latin word aborigines, is that it derives from ab origine, according to which they were the original inhabitants of the country, although Cato regarded them as Hellenic immigrants, not as a native Italian people.[3] Other etymological explanations suggested are arborigines, meaning "tree-born," and aberrigines, meaning "nomads". Lycophron calls a people of central Italy, Boreigonoi.[4]
Background
The Aborigines were believed to have been descendants of the Pelasgians, the mythical ancestor of all Greek peoples.[1][5] Their earliest known home was Reate, an ancient Sabine town to the north-east of Latium near Carseoli.[2] These Aborigines were driven from their mountain home by the Sabines and settled on the river Anio.[1] The Siculians who inhabited Latium at the time, gave way to the Aborigines, a portion of which emigrated to Sicily, from whom its name is said to be derived.[1] The emigration of the Siculians to Sicily is said to have taken place in either 1264 BC[6] or 1035 BC (Thucydides).[1]
The remaining Siculians joined with the Aborigines eventually becoming the people known as Prisci Latini (meaning old Latins), that is Prisci et Latini, or simply Latini.[1] The Aborigines didn't become Latini until the reign of their king, Latinus from whom the Romans attributed their name. This was after the arrival of the Trojans with Aeneas in the aftermath of the Trojan War.[7]
Cities
The following list is based off Dionysius of Halicarnassus.[8][9]
- Palatium: 25 stades from Reate.
- Tribula: 60 stades from Reate.
- Suesbula: 60 stades from Tribula, near the Ceraunian Mountains.
- Suna: 40 stades from Suesbula, with an ancient temple of Mars.
- Mefula: about 30 stades from Suna (ruins with walls in Roman times).
- Orvinium: 40 stades from Mefula. Apparently was once a large and famous city in its area with an ancient temple of Minerva.
- Corsula: about 80 stades from Reate, following the Curian Way, a road thought to go through Raete.
- Issa: an island surrounded by a lake, where the Aborigines relied on the marshy waters of the lake for defence.
- Maruvium: Situated near Issa, on an arm of the same lake and distant forty stades from something called the Septem Aquae.
- Batia: 30 stades from Raete
- Tiora (or Matiene): at a distance of 300 stades from Raete.
- Lista: 24 stades from Tiora, claimed to be the mother-city of the Aborigines, which the Sabines had captured by a surprise attack.
- Cutilia: 70 stades from Reate
All of these cities are claimed to have been taken from the Umbrians.[10] In Latium itself the Aborigines had the cities Antemnae, Caenina, Ficulnea, Tellenae, and Tibur some of which Dionysius attests were taken from the Siculians.[9][11]
See also
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Dr. Leonhard Schmitz A History of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Death of Commodus, A.D. 192. p.8-9
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Roman Antiquities, I.9.
- ↑ Marcus Porcius Cato. Origines, 5.6.7.
- ↑ Lycophron. Alexandra, 1253.
- ↑ Barthold Georg Niebuhr Niebuhr's History of Rome, vol I note 47
- ↑ Dionysius of Halicarnassus Roman Antiquities I. 22
- ↑ Dionysius of Halicarnassus Roman Antiquities I.9, 60
- ↑ Dionysius of Halicarnassus Roman Antiquities I.14, I.15
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 William Smith Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854)
- ↑ Dionysius of Halicarnassus Roman Antiquities I.16
- ↑ Dionysius of Halicarnassus Roman Antiquities I.44, II.35
References
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Further reading
- “Ante-Roman Races of Italy”, The Southern Quarterly Review, Vol.VII, no.xiv, 1845, pp.261-299.
- Michiel Arnoud Cor de Vaan, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages, Leiden, Brill, 2008: Aborigines.
- Dionysius of Halicarnassus (trans. 1937) Roman Antiquities vol. I Harvard University Press (Translated by Earnest Cary) 1937 thru 1950.
