Adriatic railway

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Adriatic railway (Ancona–Lecce)
File:Stazione Ancona.jpg
Ancona railway station
Overview
System Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI)
Status Operational
Locale Apulia, South-East Italy
Termini Ancona railway station
Lecce railway station
Stations 10
Operation
Opened 1860
Operator(s) Ferrovie del Sud Est
Technical
Line length 594 km (369 mi)
No. of tracks Double track
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 12 in) standard gauge
Electrification Electrified at 3000 V DC
Route map
from Bologna and from Orte
203.996 Ancona
to Ancona Marittima
Castellano (1569 m) / Vallemiano (4971 m)
209.500 Varano
210.473 Ancona Stadio
214.724 Camerano-Aspio
219.816 Osimo-Castelfidardo
227.498 Loreto
231.809 Porto Recanati
240.591 Potenza Picena-Montelupone
246.701 Civitanova Marche-Montegranaro
to Fabriano
253.199 Porto Sant'Elpidio
262.295 Porto San Giorgio-Fermo
272.533 Pedaso
280.583 Cupramarittima
283.969 Grottammare
288.489 San Benedetto del Tronto
293.273 Porto d'Ascoli
to Ascoli Piceno
302.190 Alba Adriatica-Nereto-Controguerra
305.978 Tortoreto Lido
312.355 Giulianova
to Teramo
321.660 Roseto degli Abruzzi
326.266 Scerne di Pineto
330.730 Pineto-Atri
337.137 Silvi
342.987 Montesilvano
349.969 Pescara
351.309 Pescara Porta Nuova
to Rome
352.527 Pescara Tribunale
359.097 Francavilla al Mare
364.358 Tollo-Canosa Sannita
Nuovo Riccio (2799 m)
from Crocetta
371.883 Ortona
connection RFI-FAS
Moro (2011 m)
Cintioni (2088 m)
378.137 San Vito-Lanciano
to Lanciano
San Giovanni (9311 m)
388.379 Fossacesia-Torino di Sangro
Diavolo (5200 m)
398.908 Casalbordino-Pollutri
Sinello (2312 m)
404.972 Porto di Vasto
Vasto (6824 m)
416.405 Vasto-San Salvo
427.034 Montenero-Petacciato
439.437 Termoli
to Venafro
446.279 Campomarino
456.728 Chieuti-Serracapriola
465.204 P.M. Ripalta
472.446 P.M. Lesina
479.869 Poggio Imperiale
484.081 Apricena
495.031
497.579
San Severo
to Peschici
511.961 Rignano Garganico
from Lucera
526.027 Foggia
to Napoli and to Potenza / to Manfredonia
536.309 Incoronata
545.661 Orta Nova
560.292 Cerignola Campagna
to Cerignola Città
577.692 Trinitapoli-San Ferdinando di Puglia
581.554 Margherita di Savoia-Ofantino
to Margherita di Savoia
from Spinazzola
593.919 Barletta
to Bari
606.513 Trani
614.534 Bisceglie
623.875 Molfetta
630.190 Giovinazzo
636.337 Enziteto Catinosince 1993 [1]
637.074 Bari Santo Spirito
639.055 Bari Palese-Macchie
from Barletta
from Bitonto
643.467 Cabina Lamasinata
from Ospedale San Paolo
Bari Lamasinata
644.650 Bari Zona Industriale
645.647 Bari Parco Nord
to Bari Sant'Andrea
from Taranto
from Matera
648.616 Bari Centrale
to Putignano and to Taranto
650.145 Bari Marconisince 1992 [2]
650.715 Bari Parco Sud
660.069 Bari Torre a Mare
667.771 Mola di Bari
681.575 Polignano a Mare
689.160 Monopoli
702.989 Fasano
710.146 Cisternino
722.894 Ostuni
731.875 Carovigno
747.836 San Vito dei Normanni
from Taranto
759.539 Brindisi
769.473 Tuturano
776.562 San Pietro Vernotico
783.303 Squinzano
787.504 Trepuzzi
794.332 Surbo
3.571 Surbo Fascio Merci
from Martina Franca
797.903 Lecce
to Otranto

The Adriatic railway (Italian: Ferrovia Adriatica) is the railroad from Ancona to Otranto that runs along the Adriatic Coast of Italy, following it almost all of the way. It is one of the main lines of the Italian rail system and links the northern cities with the most important productive areas of central and southern Italy.

The railroad was built by the Società per le Strade Ferrate Meridionali (Italian: Company for the Southern Railways, SFM), between 1863 and 1872. In 1906, management of the line was taken over by Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane. In 1933, the southernmost Lecce-Otranto segment of the line was turned over to the Ferrovie del Sud Est, which has maintained it to the present day.

History

Shortly after the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, the new government took over the granting of railway concessions, which, in prior years, had often been doled out in a haphazard manner by the different states and provisional dictatorial governments of the Italian Peninsula to various companies: canceling some, changing others and continually releasing new rights-of-way.

In November 1861 the Milan–Bologna railway line began operation, with the connection of the Milan-Piacenza line to the Piacenza-Bologna via a bridge – initially of wood but later replaced by an iron structure – across the river Po. This allowed trains from Turin and France to travel directly to the Adriatic coast along the Ancona-Bologna line, which itself had been built in November 1861 by the SFR, in what was then the Papal States.

The construction of an Adriatic line had long been desired, but had never come to pass: mainly because of the difficulty in reconciling the needs of the two countries – the Papal States and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – through whose territories the line would pass. The constitution of the kingdom of Italy in 1860 brought a resolution to this dilemma, and, as entrepreneurs in Piedmont and Lombardy desired access to Adriatic ports for closer and easier trade with Asia through the Suez Canal, construction would proceed rapidly following unification.

As early as May 1861, a detailed and complex feasibility study was presented to the Chamber of Deputies for new railways in southern Italy that were considered of vital importance. In particular, the construction of a railway along the Adriatic coast from Ancona to Brindisi and Otranto was seen as essential, as these ports were considered by many[3] to be on the verge of becoming Europe's "door to the East." At that time, several European countries were competing for the privilege of transporting the Imperial Indian Mail train (referred to in Italy as the Valigia delle Indie), in hopes of sharing in the profits of the trade between England and its vast colonial empire.[4] In July 1862, Count Pietro Bastogi, former Finance Minister of the Kingdom of Italy succeeded in putting together a consortium of 92 bankers with the huge sum (at that time) of 100 million gold Italian lira of capital from entirely Italian sources.[5] The Società per le Strade Ferrate Meridionali (Italian: 'Company for the Southern Railways', SFM) moved quickly to build the rail line, completing the Brindisi-Lecce segment by 1866. The Lecce-Otranto segment was delayed by bitter controversies which prevented the choice of a route for many years. The last stretch of 19 miles from Maglie to Oltranto was not complete until 20 September 1872.

The new Adriatic Railroad allowed, for the first time, relatively rapid travel between the south and the north-central regions of Italy. In 1866, in fact, there were no railways on the Tyrrhenian coast south of Eboli. Vittorio Emanuele II on 9 November 1863 inaugurated the line with his train ride from Pescara to Foggia, following hurried work to finish the track. The public opening was postponed until 25 April 1864. In the proceedings of the first legislature of the Kingdom of Italy, the parliamentarian Leopoldo Galeotti wrote hopefully that "before long the port of Brindisi, reborn to a new life, will bring within her breast the Indian Mail, a sure sign that the commerce of the world will be drawn a second time to our seas. In a few days, thanks to the great industry of Southern Company, despite the obstacles of every kind that had to be overcome, locomotives will arrive at the port of Brindisi."[6] In September 1871 the completion of the Fréjus Rail Tunnel allowed the luxury Peninsular Express (from the same company that operated the famous Orient Express) to complete the London-Brindisi trip in 47 hours via Calais and Paris.[7]

The line was built in record time using the easiest and least demanding engineering methods (tunnels and viaducts), often near the sea. Weather was a significant cause of work interruptions, due to the heavy storms that frequently batter the Adriatic coast.

The line was reoriented in 2004, with double tracking, for the stretch from Lesina to Apricena (saving about 2.5 km), while at the end of 2005, the railway between Ortona and Vasto Casalbordino and between the Port of Vasto and Vasto / San Salvo were also realigned; for the dual purpose of eliminating the multiple curves in the old section, and reducing the danger posed by storm surges and coastal erosion.

Between 2002 and 2006 the track between Brindisi and Lecce was doubled, followed by the segment between Bari Centrale and Fasano. In 2007 the segment between San Severo and Apricena was also given double track.

The only stretch of the Adriatic line that remains single track is from Termoli to Lesina, which is the bottleneck of the line.

Features

A notable aspect of the Adriatic line is the almost total absence of tunnels, with the exception of the Pescara-Vasto segment, where there are seven, including three with a length greater than 5000 m. The railroad is almost entirely double track, and is DC electrified to 3000 V.

See also

References

  1. Oltre Santo Spirito. In: ″I Treni″ Nr. 144 (January 1994), p. 6–7.
  2. Impianti FS. In: ″I Treni Oggi″ Nr. 131 (November 1992), p. 6.
  3. Annali Universali di Statistica by Giuseppe Sacchi, Vol. CXLV, prima. Milano series, 1 st quarter 1861
  4. Ernesto Petrucci The '48 and the railway question in the Papal States on page 19, History and Future 1/2002
  5. Gian Guido Turchi, 150 di ferrovia in Italia, in iTreni 97, Editrice ETR, Salò,1989
  6. La Prima Legislatura del regno d'Italia, Leopoldo Galeotti. Florence, Le Monnier, 1865
  7. Stefano Maggi, Tra pubblico e privato. La gestione delle ferrovie nell'800 e primo '900, in Tutto Treno & Storia 22, pg. 22, 23. Duegi Editrice, Albignasego, 2002

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