Adzuki bean
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| Azuki bean | |
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| File:Azuki Beans.jpg | |
| Adzuki beans | |
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V. angularis
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| Binomial name | |
| Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
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The adzuki bean (Vigna angularis; from the Japanese アズキ（小豆） (azuki?), sometimes transliterated as azuki or aduki) is an annual vine widely grown throughout East Asia and the Himalayas for its small (approximately 5 mm) bean. The cultivars most familiar in Northeast Asia have a uniform red colour, however, white, black, gray, and variously mottled varieties also are known. Scientists presume Vigna angularis var. nipponensis is the progenitor.[citation needed]
Contents
History
Genetic evidence indicates that the adzuki bean first became cultivated in East Asia and later crossbred with native species in the Himalayas. The earliest known archaeological evidence of the bean comes from the Awazu-kotei Ruin (Shiga prefecture) of the Japanese mid-Jōmon period of 4000 BCE, and later occurs commonly in many Jomon sites of between 4000 BCE and 2000 BCE in Japan.[1] The analysis of the unearthed beans indicates that it first was cultivated in Japan during the period from 4000 BCE to 2000 BCE. In China and Korea, specimens from ruins date from 3000 BCE to 1000 BCE, and these are thought to be cultivated ones.
Names
| Nutritional value per 1 Cup 230 g | |
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| Energy | 1,233 kJ (295 kcal) |
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56.97 g
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| Dietary fiber | 16.8 g |
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0.23 g
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17.3 g
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| Vitamins | |
| Thiamine (B1) |
(23%)
0.264 mg |
| Riboflavin (B2) |
(12%)
0.147 mg |
| Niacin (B3) |
(11%)
1.649 mg |
| Pantothenic acid (B5) |
(20%)
0.989 mg |
| Vitamin B6 |
(17%)
0.221 mg |
| Folate (B9) |
(70%)
278 μg |
| Minerals | |
| Calcium |
(6%)
64 mg |
| Iron |
(35%)
4.6 mg |
| Magnesium |
(34%)
120 mg |
| Phosphorus |
(55%)
386 mg |
| Potassium |
(26%)
1224 mg |
| Sodium |
(1%)
18 mg |
| Zinc |
(43%)
4.07 mg |
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| Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database |
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The name adzuki is a transliteration of the native Japanese name. Japanese also has a Chinese loanword, shōzu (小豆?), which means "small bean", its counterpart "large bean" (大豆 daizu?) being the soybean. It is common to write 小豆 in kanji but pronounce it as azuki Audio file "Ja-Adzuki.oga" not found, an example of ateji.
In China, the corresponding name (Chinese: 小豆; pinyin: xiǎodòu) still is used in botanical or agricultural parlance, however, in everyday Chinese, the more common terms are hongdou (紅豆; hóngdòu) and chidou (赤豆; chìdòu), both meaning "red bean", because almost all Chinese cultivars are uniformly red. In English-language discussions of Chinese topics, the term "red bean" often is used (especially in reference to red bean paste), but in other contexts this usage may cause confusion with other beans that also are red. In normal contexts, "red cowpeas" have been used to refer to this bean.
The Korean name is pat (hangul: 팥), and in Vietnamese it is called đậu đỏ (literally: red bean). In some parts of India, they are referred to as "Red Chori".[2] In Punjabi it is called "ravaa'n" and is a common ingredient of chaat. In Marathi, it is known as Lal Chavali (लाल चवळी)- literally meaning 'red cowpea'.
Uses
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In East Asian cuisine, the adzuki bean is commonly sweetened before eating. In particular, it often is boiled with sugar, resulting in red bean paste (an), a very common ingredient in all of these cuisines. It also is common to add flavoring to the bean paste, such as chestnut.
Red bean paste is used in many Chinese dishes, such as tangyuan, zongzi, mooncakes, baozi, and red bean ice. It also serves as a filling in Japanese sweets such as anpan, dorayaki, imagawayaki, manjū, monaka, anmitsu, taiyaki, and daifuku. A more liquid version, using adzuki beans boiled with sugar and a pinch of salt, produces a sweet dish called red bean soup. Adzuki beans commonly are eaten sprouted, or boiled in a hot, tea-like drink. Some Asian cultures enjoy red bean paste as a filling or topping for various kinds of waffles, pastries, baked buns, or biscuits.
Traditionally in Japan, rice with adzuki beans (赤飯; sekihan) is cooked for auspicious occasions. Adzuki beans are used in amanattō and ice cream with the whole bean (such as in the 'Cream & Red Bean' product produced by IMEI) or as paste.
On October 20, 2009, Pepsi Japan released an adzuki-flavored Pepsi product.[3]
Adzuki beans, along with butter and sugar, form the basis of the Somali supper dish cambuulo.
In Gujarat, India, they are known as chori.[2]
In Malaysia and Singapore, red beans are a major component of the dessert Ais kacang.
Nutritional information
Adzuki beans are a good source for a variety of minerals, with 1 cup of cooked beans providing 4.6 mg of iron (~25% RDI[4]), 119.6 mg of magnesium (~30% RDI[5]), 1.223 g of potassium (~25 % AI[6]), 4.0 mg of zinc (~25% RDI[7]), and 278 µg of folic acid (~70% RDI[8]).[9]
See also
References
- ↑ http://www.mame.or.jp/library/pdf_z/051/MJ051-06-TK.pdf
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External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. |
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Wikispecies has information related to: Vigna angularis |
