Air France Flight 422

Air France Flight 422
	A TAME Boeing 727-200 similar to the one that involved in the accident
Accident summary
Date	20 April 1998
Summary	Controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) aggravated by inclement weather
Site	Bogotá, Colombia
Passengers	43
Crew	10
Fatalities	53 (all)
Survivors	0
Aircraft type	Boeing 727-230
Operator	TAME on behalf of Air France
Registration	HC-BSU
Flight origin	El Dorado International Airport, Bogotá, Colombia
Destination	Mariscal Sucre International Airport, Quito, Ecuador

Air France Flight 422 was a scheduled flight on 20 April 1998 by Air France from Bogotá, Colombia, to Quito, Ecuador, covering the final leg of a flight from Paris to Bogotá, operated by TAME on behalf of Air France. The Boeing 727 was destroyed, killing all 53 people on board, when it crashed into the mountains east of Bogotá because of foggy weather and low visibility after taking off from Bogotá's El Dorado International Airport. The plane was owned by TAME, the Ecuadorian airline, but operated on a wet-lease basis to Air France as the final leg of its flight from Paris.^[1]

Summary

The 21 years old TAME Boeing 727-200Adv was covering the final leg of an Air France flight, with Ecuadorian crew. The flight deck crew, consisting of 3, was skilled according to the training authorities, but the flight's Captain had just logged over 400 hours in the 727. A Flight Operations Mechanic, and 6 Flight Attendants completed the crew. Forty-three (43) passengers were among the 53 people onboard the aircraft.

The weather conditions consisted of a 7 kilometer (4 nm) visibility limited by a Broken (Ceiling) layer of Cumulonimbus clouds 2000 feet above the aerodrome, a 16°C temperature, and an altimeter pressure decrease (QNH 3031 to QNH 3024).

Accident

The aircraft was cleared to Quito International Airport via the Girardot 1 (GIR1) departure, which consisted of a right turn after takeoff (over the Romeo/R NDB), for noise abatement, and for transitioning (via VIOTA) to a south-west route. The flight crew failed to execute the maneuver properly (the First Officer, acting as Pilot in Command, didn't make the initial turn), and forgot to turn the Transponder on after takeoff, which forbid the radar controllers from assisting them. The FDR showed a departure profile with a low vertical speed, and an airspeed of 260 knots, designed to decrease fuel consumption. Unfortunately, the procedure was also planned to prevent transit ahead of the 19 DME arc of the Bogotá VOR, a mountainous zone whose minimum altitude increases drastically to 14000 feet.

Less than two minutes after taking off from the runway 13L, the aircraft crashed at an airspeed of 260 knots into the Cerro el Cable, while passing 10100 feet. All 53 people on board died due to a combination of impact and fire injuries. The fire also affected a 10 thousand square feet forest zone, which was burnt after the aircraft disintegrated and exploded upon impact.