Allium ampeloprasum

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wild leek or elephant garlic
A.ampeloprasum 1.jpg
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Allioideae
Genus: Allium
Species:
A. ampeloprasum
Binomial name
Allium ampeloprasum
Synonyms[1]
Species synonymy
  • Allium adscendens Kunth
  • Allium albescens Guss.
  • Allium ampeloprasum var. babingtonii (Borrer) Syme
    • Allium ampeloprasum var. bertolonii (De Not.) Nyman
    • Allium ampeloprasum var. bulbiferum Syme
    • Allium ampeloprasum var. bulgaricum Podp.
    • Allium ampeloprasum var. caudatum Pamp.
    • Allium ampeloprasum subsp. euampeloprasum Hayek
    • Allium ampeloprasum var. gasparrinii (Guss.) Nyman
    • Allium ampeloprasum var. gracile Cavara
    • Allium ampeloprasum subsp. halleri Nyman
    • Allium ampeloprasum var. holmense Asch. & Graebn.
    • Allium ampeloprasum f. holmense (Asch. & Graebn.) Holmboe
    • Allium ampeloprasum subsp. porrum (L.) Hayek
    • Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum (L.) J.Gay
    • Allium ampeloprasum var. pylium (De Not.) Asch. & Graebn.
    • Allium ampeloprasum subsp. thessalum (Boiss.) Nyman
    • Allium ampeloprasum var. wiedemannii Regel
    • Allium ascendens Ten.
    • Allium babingtonii Borrer
    • Allium bertolonii De Not.
    • Allium byzantinum K.Koch
    • Allium duriaeanum Regel
    • Allium durieuanum Walp.
    • Allium gasparrinii Guss.
    • Allium halleri G.Don
    • Allium holmense Mill. ex Kunth
    • Allium kurrat Schweinf. ex K.Krause
    • Allium laetum Salisb.
    • Allium lineare Mill.
    • Allium porraceum Gray
    • Allium porrum L.
    • Allium porrum var. ampeloprasum (L.) Mirb.
    • Allium porrum subsp. euampeloprasum Breistr.
    • Allium porrum var. kurrat (Schweinf. ex K.Krause) Seregin
    • Allium pylium De Not.
    • Allium scopulicola Font Quer
    • Allium scorodoprasum subsp. babingtonii (Borrer) Nyman
    • Allium spectabile De Not.
    • Allium syriacum Boiss.
    • Allium thessalum Boiss.
    • Porrum amethystinum Rchb.
    • Porrum ampeloprasum (L.) Mill.
    • Porrum commune Rchb.
    • Porrum sativum Mill.
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Allium ampeloprasum is a member of the onion genus Allium. The wild plant is commonly known as wild leek or broadleaf wild leek. Its native range is southern Europe to western Asia, but it is cultivated in many other places and has become naturalized in many countries.

Allium ampeloprasum is regarded as native to all the countries bordering on the Black, Adriatic, and Mediterranean Seas from Portugal to Egypt to Romania. In Russia and Ukraine, it is considered invasive except in Crimea, where it is native. It is also native to Ethiopia, Uzbekistan, Iran and Iraq. It is considered naturalized in the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Czech Republic, the Baltic States, Belarus, the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Pakistan, China, Australia (all states except Queensland and Tasmania), Mexico, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Haiti, the United States (southeastern region plus California, New York State, Ohio and Illinois), Galápagos, and Argentina.[2][3][4][5][6]

The species may have been introduced to Britain by prehistoric people, where its habitat consists of rocky places near the coast in south-west England and Wales.[7][8]

Allium ampeloprasum has been differentiated into three cultivated vegetables, namely leek, elephant garlic and kurrat. In tidewater Virginia, the plant is commonly known as the "Yorktown Onion."[9]

Wild populations produce bulbs up to 3 cm across. Scapes are round in cross-section, each up to 180 cm tall, bearing an umbel of as many as 500 flowers. Flowers are urn-shaped, up to 6 mm across; tepals white, pink or red; anthers yellow or purple; pollen yellow.[3][10]

Vernacular names

Allium ampeloprasum comprises several vegetables, of which the most important ones are known as

  • leek (English), poireau (French), alho porro (Portuguese), puerro (also ajo porro, cebolla puerro or cebolla larga) (Spanish);
  • great-headed garlic, elephant garlic (English), ail à grosse tête (French), ajo elefante (also ajo blandino, ajo chilote) (Spanish);
  • pearl onion (English), poireau perpétuel, petit poireau antillais (French), alho bravo, alho inglês (Portuguese)
  • kurrat (English, French) (Arabic: كراث‎‎).[7][11]
  • تره (Tære) (Allium ampeloprasum ssp. persicum) (Persian)
  • இராகூச்சிட்டம் (Iraakuuccittam) (Tamil)
  • ګندنه (Gandana, Pashto)
  • गंधना/गंदना (Gandhna, Gandana: Hindi)
  • Maroy napakpi (Meetei)

  • Just beginning to flower

  • Fully flowered

  • Allium ampeloprasum - MHNT

See also

References

  1. ↑ The Plant List
  2. ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Allium ampeloprasum
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Flora of North America v 26 p 238, Allium ampeloprasum'
  4. ↑ BONAP (Biota of North America Program) floristic synthesis, Allium ampeloprasum'
  5. ↑ Flora of China v 24 p 200, Allium porrum
  6. ↑ Altervista, Schede di Botanica
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Plants for a Future: Allium ampeloprasum
  8. ↑ CHRISTOPHER D. PRESTON, DAVID A. PEARMAN, ALLAN R. HALL (2004) Archaeophytes in Britain Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 145 (3), 257–294 doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00284.x, p. 264
  9. ↑ YorkCounty.gov - Yorktown Onion
  10. ↑ Gleason, H. A. & A.J. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
  11. ↑ Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.

External links

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