Ammonium dinitramide

Ammonium dinitramide

Names
IUPAC name Ammonium dinitramide
Identifiers
CAS Number	140456-78-6 N
ChemSpider	8394920 Y
Jmol 3D model	Interactive image
InChI InChI=1S/N3O4.H3N/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7;/h;1H3/q-1;/p+1 Y Key: BRUFJXUJQKYQHA-UHFFFAOYSA-O Y InChI=1/N3O4.H3N/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7;/h;1H3/q-1;/p+1 Key: BRUFJXUJQKYQHA-IKLDFBCSAM
SMILES [NH4+].[N-]([N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]
Properties
Chemical formula	H4N4O4
Molar mass	124.06 g/mol
Density	1.81 g/cm3
Melting point	93 °C (199 °F; 366 K)
Boiling point	decompose
Vapor pressure	{{{value}}}
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is the ammonium salt of dinitraminic acid. ADN decomposes under heat to leave only nitrogen, oxygen, and water. The ions are the ammonium ion NH₄⁺ and the dinitramide N(NO₂)₂⁻. It was originally invented in the Soviet Union, but remained classified until it was discovered independently in the United States in 1989 at SRI International. SRI obtained US and international patents for ADN in the mid-1990s at which time scientists from the former Soviet Union revealed they had discovered ADN in the 1970s.

It makes an excellent solid rocket oxidizer with a slightly higher specific impulse than ammonium perchlorate and more importantly, does not leave hydrogen chloride fumes. This property is also of military interest because Halogen free smoke is harder to detect. It decomposes into low molecular mass gases so it contributes to higher performance without creating excessive temperatures if used in gun or rocket propellants. The salt is prone to detonation under high temperatures and shock more so than the perchlorate. It can be synthesized from ammonium nitrate, nitric acid, and super concentrated sulfuric acid, to which a base other than ammonia must be added before the acid dinitramide decomposes. The final product is obtained by fractional crystallization.

Further reading

• Modern rocket fuels> PDF> Hesiserman Online Library
• Textbook of Chemistry 1999 Prentice Press, New York