Anelosimus
| Anelosimus | |
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| female A. crassipes from Japan | |
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Anelosimus
Simon, 1891
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| Species | |
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see text |
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| Diversity | |
| 52 species | |
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Anelosimus is a cosmopolitan genus of cobweb spiders (Theridiidae), currently containing 64 species[citation needed]. Anelosimus is a key group in the study of sociality and its evolution in spiders (Aviles 1997). It contains species spanning the spectrum from solitary to highly social (quasisocial), with eight quasisocial species, far more than any other spider genus. Among these is the South American social species Anelosimus eximius, among the best studied social spider species.
The web of a colony of A. eximius can reach cover entire tree canopies and contain tens of thousands of individuals. Most of the highly social species live in lowland tropical forests, and all occur in the Americas. Other species, particularly those at higher altitudes in northern latitudes in the Americas - and all non-American species -, appear to be solitary or sub-social. [1][2] Social Anelosimus species are generally highly inbred and have female-biased sex ratios, with up to 10 females per male.
The social, subsocial, and solitary behavior of differing species within Anelosimus has been used to examine hypotheses of environmental pressures on social behavior, and inbreeding.[3] Subsociality as a trait seems to be conserved, despite the wide range of environments in which Anelosimus species live; all known solitary species within the genus belong to a single clade.[4] Sociality, however, has independently arisen several times.[3]
Description
Anelosimus spiders have a notched red or brown band on their abdomen, which is dark when preserved in alcohol. Laterally, the abdomen has a white band and/or white blotches. Specimens range in size from 1.8 to 7.5 millimetres (0.071 to 0.295 in). Individuals in this genus lack a colulus.[5]
Species
- Anelosimus agnar Agnarsson, 2006 — Malaysia
- Anelosimus amelie Agnarsson, 2009 — Mayotte
- Anelosimus analyticus Chamberlin, 1924 — USA, Mexico
- Anelosimus andasibe Agnarsson & Kuntner, 2005 — Madagascar
- Anelosimus arizona Agnarsson, 2006 — USA, Mexico
- Anelosimus baeza Agnarsson, 2006 — Panama to Peru
- Anelosimus bali Agnarsson, 2012 — Bali
- Anelosimus biglebowski Agnarsson, 2006 — Tanzania
- Anelosimus chickeringi Levi, 1956 — Mexico to Peru
- Anelosimus chonganicus Zhu, 1998 — China
- Anelosimus crassipes Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 — China, Korea, Japan, Ryukyu Islands
- Anelosimus decaryi Fage, 1930 — Aldabra, Madagascar
- Anelosimus dialeucon Simon, 1890 — Aden
- Anelosimus domingo Levi, 1963 — Colombia to Suriname and Peru
- Anelosimus dubiosus Keyserling, 1891 — Brazil
- Anelosimus dubius Tullgren, 1910 — Tanzania
- Anelosimus dude Agnarsson, 2006 — Tanzania
- Anelosimus eidur Agnarsson, 2012 — Papua New Guinea
- Anelosimus elegans Agnarsson, 2006 — Mexico to Peru
- Anelosimus ethicus Keyserling, 1884 — Brazil
- Anelosimus exiguus Yoshida, 1986 — China, Japan, Ryukyu Islands
- Anelosimus eximius Keyserling, 1884 — Lesser Antilles, Panama to Argentina
- Anelosimus fraternus Agnarsson, 2006 — Hispaniola
- Anelosimus guacamayos Agnarsson, 2006 — Ecuador
- Anelosimus inhandava Agnarsson, 2005 — Brazil, Argentina
- Anelosimus iwawakiensis Yoshida, 1986 — Korea, Japan
- Anelosimus jabaquara Levi, 1956 — Brazil
- Anelosimus jucundus O. P.-Cambridge, 1896 — Mexico to Argentina
- Anelosimus kohi Yoshida, 1993 — Malaysia, Singapore
- Anelosimus linda Agnarsson, 2006 — Malaysia
- Anelosimus lorenzo Fowler & Levi, 1979 — Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
- Anelosimus luckyi Agnarsson, 2012 — Papua New Guinea
- Anelosimus may Agnarsson, 2005 — Madagascar
- Anelosimus membranaceus Zhang, Lui & Zhang, 2011 — China
- Anelosimus misiones Agnarsson, 2005 — Argentina
- Anelosimus monskenyensis Agnarsson, 2006 — Kenya
- Anelosimus nazariani Agnarsson & Kuntner, 2005 — Madagascar
- Anelosimus nelsoni Agnarsson, 2006 — South Africa
- Anelosimus nigrescens Keyserling, 1884 — Guyana, Brazil
- Anelosimus octavius Agnarsson, 2006 — Mexico to Costa Rica
- Anelosimus oritoyacu Agnarsson, 2006 — Mexico to Ecuador
- Anelosimus pacificus Levi, 1956 — Mexico to Costa Rica, Jamaica
- Anelosimus pantanal Agnarsson, 2006 — Brazil
- Anelosimus placens Blackwall, 1877 — Seychelles
- Anelosimus pomio Agnarsson, 2012 — Papua New Guinea
- Anelosimus potmosbi Agnarsson, 2012 — Papua New Guinea
- Anelosimus pratchetti Agnarsson, 2012 — Australia
- Anelosimus pulchellus Walckenaer, 1802 — Europe & North Africa
- Anelosimus puravida Agnarsson, 2006 — Guatemala to Panama
- Anelosimus rabus Levi, 1963 — Brazil
- Anelosimus rupununi Levi, 1956 — Trinidad to Brazil
- Anelosimus sallee Agnarsson & Kuntner, 2005 — Madagascar
- Anelosimus salut Agnarsson & Kuntner, 2005 — Madagascar
- Anelosimus seximaculatus Zhu, 1998 — China
- Anelosimus studiosus Hentz, 1850 — USA to Argentina
- Anelosimus subcrassipes Zhang, Lui & Zhang, 2011 — China
- Anelosimus sulawesi Agnarsson, 2006 — Sulawesi
- Anelosimus sumisolena Agnarsson, 2005 — Brazil
- Anelosimus taiwanicus Yoshida, 1986 — Taiwan, Krakatau
- Anelosimus terraincognita Agnarsson, 2012 — Australasia ???
- Anelosimus tosus Chamberlin, 1916 — Mexico to Peru
- Anelosimus vierae Agnarsson, 2012 — Uruguay
- Anelosimus vittatus C. L. Koch, 1836 — Paleartic
- Anelosimus vondrona Agnarsson & Kuntner, 2005 — Madagascar
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anelosimus. |
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World Spider Catalog. 2015. http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/
