Apolipoprotein D

Apolipoprotein D
Rendering based on PDB 2APD.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 2APD, 2HZQ, 2HZR
Identifiers
Symbol	APOD
External IDs	OMIM: 107740 MGI: 88056 HomoloGene: 1246 GeneCards: APOD Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • lipid transporter activity • protein binding • cholesterol binding Cellular component • extracellular region • extracellular space • endoplasmic reticulum • cytosolic ribosome • dendrite • neuronal cell body • perinuclear region of cytoplasm • extracellular exosome Biological process • response to reactive oxygen species • angiogenesis • glucose metabolic process • lipid metabolic process • lipid transport • brain development • aging • negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway • peripheral nervous system axon regeneration • tissue regeneration • negative regulation of protein import into nucleus • response to drug • negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation • response to axon injury • negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly • negative regulation of lipoprotein lipid oxidation • negative regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production • negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response • negative regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion • negative regulation of T cell migration Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	347	11815
Ensembl	ENSG00000189058	ENSMUSG00000022548
UniProt	P05090	P51910
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001647	NM_001301353
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001638	NP_001288282
Location (UCSC)	Chr 3: 195.57 – 195.58 Mb	Chr 16: 31.3 – 31.31 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Apolipoprotein D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOD gene. Unlike other lipoproteins, which are mainly produced in the liver, apolipoprotein D is mainly produced in the brain and testes.

Function

Apolipoprotein D (Apo-D) is a component of high-density lipoprotein that has no marked similarity to other apolipoprotein sequences. It has a high degree of homology to plasma retinol-binding protein and other members of the alpha 2 microglobulin protein superfamily of carrier proteins, also known as lipocalins. It is a glycoprotein of estimated molecular weight 33 KDa. Apo-D is closely associated with the enzyme lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase - an enzyme involved in lipoprotein metabolism.ApoD has also been shown to be an important link in the transient interaction between HDL and LDL particles and between HDL particles and cells.

Clinical significance

APOD is a biomarker of androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). APOD is an androgen up-regulated gene in normal scrotal fibroblast cells in comparison to CAIS labia majora cells.

APOD is associated with neurological disorders and nerve injury, especially related to myelin sheath. APOD was shown to be elevated in a rat model of stroke. APOD is elevated in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease.

External links

• Apolipoproteins D at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Applied Research on Apolipoproteins