Arabinogalactan protein
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Contents
Arabinogalactan protein (AGPs)
Arabinogalactan protein is a broad term applied to diverse class of cell surface glycoproteins present in plant cell walls.[1] It is heavily glycosylated, with only 2-10% comprising the protein region.The protein family has been earlier reported to contain O-linked glycans, whereas recent efforts employing mass spectrometry have revealed the presence of N-linked glycans as well within this protein family isolated from elongating cotton fiber cells.[2]
Structure of Arabinogalactan Protein (AGPs)
AGPs contains protein backbone of varied length (5-30kDa) with N-terminal secretory peptide followed by AGP, Fasciclin domains and a C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) lipid anchor site. In some plant cells, the length of the mature protein backbone is only 10-13 residues long and they are therefore called as Arabinogalactan peptides.[3] The protein backbone contains domain rich in hydroxyproline/proline, serine, alanine and glycine amino acids. The repeated occurrence of Alanine/Serine/Threonine-Proline stretch (glycomodules) and the presence of hydroxyproline suggests the sites for O-linked glycosylation and arabinogalactan modification. The O-linked glycan chains predominantly contain galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, galacturonic acid and/or glucuronic acids and have a relatively high degree of polymerization, with a structure similar to arabinogalactan II.[4]
Biological roles of AGPs
AGPs are known to be involved in many biological processes like cell division,[5] cell elongation,[6] cell death,[7] pattern formation,[8] maintenance of post embryonic pattern, vascular, gametophyte development, signalling, root-microbe interaction[9] etc.
References
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- ↑ McNeil M, Darvill AG, Fry SC, Albersheim P. (1984) Structure and function of primary cell walls of plants. Anna Rev Biochem 53:625-663
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