Archipolypoda
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†Archipolypoda
Scudder, 1882
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Macrosterni Fritsch, 1899 |
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Archipolypoda is an extinct group of millipedes known from fossils in Europe and North America and containing the earliest known land animals.[1] The Archipolypoda was erected by Scudder (1882)[2] but redefined in 2005 with the description of several new species from Scotland.[3] Distinguishing characteristics include relatively large eyes with densely packed ocelli (sometimes interpreted as compound eyes), and modified leg pairs on the 8th body ring.[3][4] Some species had prominent spines while others had a flattened appearance.[3][5]
Classification
The Archipolypoda as currently recognized consists of four orders,[6] many with monotypic families and genera, as well as five species of uncertain placement (incertae sedis).[3][7]
Archidesmida Wilson & Anderson 2004
- Archidesmidae Scudder, 1885
- Archidesmus macnicoli Peach, 1882. Lower Devonian, Scotland
- Zanclodesmidae Wilson, Daeschler, & Desbiens 2005
- Zanclodesmus willetti Wilson, Daeschler, & Desbiens 2005. Upper Devonian, Quebec, Canada
- Orsadesmus rubecollus Wilson, Daeschler, & Desbiens 2005. Upper Devonian, Pennsylvania, USA
Cowiedesmida Wilson & Anderson 2004
- Cowiedesmidae Wilson & Anderson 2004
- Cowiedesmus eroticopodus Wilson & Anderson 2004. Mid Silurian, Scotland.
Euphoberiida Hoffman, 1969
- Euphoberiidae Scudder, 1882. Upper Carboniferous of Europe and North America.
- Acantherpestes Meek & Worthen, 1868
- Euphoberia Meek & Worthen, 1868
- Myriacantherpestes Burke, 1979
Palaeosomatida Hannibal & Krzeminski, 2005. Carboniferous, UK and Poland[8]
- Palaeosomatidae Hannibal & Krzeminski, 2005
Order incertae sedis
- Albadesmus almond Wilson & Anderson 2004 Mid Silurian Scotland
- Anaxeodesmus diambonotus Wilson 2005 Upper Carboniferous, UK.
- Anthracodesmus macconochiei, Peach, 1899
- Palaeodesmus tuberculata (Brade-Birks, 1923) (=Kampecaris tuberculata) Lower Devonian, Scotland.
- Pneumodesmus newmani Wilson & Anderson 2004 Mid Silurian, Scotland
See also
- Arthropleuridea- Another group of extinct millipedes
- Euthycarcinoidea, a group of enigmatic arthropods that may be ancestral to myriapods
- Colonization of land, major evolutionary stages leading to terrestrial organisms
References
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External links
- Archipolypoda- The Virtual Fossil Museum
- Orsadesmus rubecollus, Devonian Times
- Fossil find 'oldest land animal'- BBC News
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Orders of the class Diplopoda (millipedes)
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