Arte da Lingoa de Iapam
Arte da Lingoa de Iapam (日本大文典 nihon daibunten?) (Arte da Língua do Japão in modern Portuguese) is an early 17th-century Portuguese grammar of the Japanese language. It was compiled by João Rodrigues, a Portuguese missionary of the Society of Jesus. It is the oldest complete Japanese grammar, and is a valuable reference for late Late Middle Japanese.[1]
Background
Christian missionary work in Japan began in the 1540s. In an attempt to better communicate, the foreign missionaries attempted to learn Japanese. They created dictionaries and grammars. Early grammars seem to have been written in the 1580s, but are no longer extant.[1]
Arte da Lingoa de Iapam is the oldest extant complete Japanese grammar. Rodrigues published it in Nagasaki over a period of five years between 1604 and 1608. There are only two known copies: one at the Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford and the other in the Crawford family collection.[1][2]
In 1620, after being transferred to Macau, Rodrigues compiled a shorter, simplified version of the grammar entitled Arte breue da lingoa Iapoa (日本小文典 nihon shōbunten?).[1]
Contents
The grammar is three volumes in length.
- Volume 1 is an outline of fundamental Japanese grammar. It discusses the declension of nouns and pronouns with respect to case particles, the conjugation of verbs with respect to mood and tense, categorizes the language into ten parts of speech, discusses honorifics, as well as romanization orthography.[1][2]
- Volume 2 discusses syntax, rhetoric, dialects, pronunciation, accent, and poetry.[1][2]
- Volume 3 describes how to read kanji, documents, personal names, and how to count Japanese years and time.[1][2]
Available Copies
- Arte da lingua de Iapam by father João Rodrigues Originally published in Nagasaki: Collegio de Iapao da Companhia de Iesv, 1604-1608, first grammar of the Japanese language, in Portuguese, by the missionary João Rodrigues
- Arte da lingoa de Iapam (1604)
- Arte da lingo a de ia pam Compostapello (1604)
- Élémens de la grammaire japonaise [abridged from Arte da lingoa de Iapam] tr. et collationnés par C. Landresse. [With] (1825)
Notes
References
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