Arthur Löwenstamm

Rabbi Dr Arthur Löwenstamm
Position	Rabbi
Synagogue	Spandau Synagogue (1917–38)
Personal details
Birth name	Arthur Löwenstamm
Born	20 December 1882 Ratibor, Upper Silesia
Died	22 April 1965 Manchester, England
Nationality	German until 1939; British
Denomination	Reform Judaism
Parents	Natan Löwenstamm and Johanna Zweig
Spouse	Gertrud Modlinger
Children	Erika Reid and Gerda Weleminsky
Occupation	Theologian, writer and rabbi

Rabbi Dr Arthur Löwenstamm (also spelt Loewenstamm) (20 December 1882 in Ratibor, Upper Silesia – 22 April 1965 in Manchester, England) was a Jewish theologian, writer and rabbi in Berlin and in London, where he came in 1939 as a refugee from Germany.

He was the last rabbi of the Jewish community of Spandau, Germany, which comprised 600 members in 1933.

Early life

Arthur Löwenstamm was born on 20 December 1882 in Ratibor, Upper Silesia, which is now Racibórz in southern Poland. His parents were Natan Löwenstamm, a shopkeeper, and his wife Johanna Zweig.

Career

Löwenstamm trained at the Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau (now Wrocław in western Poland). After passing his rabbinical examinations in 1910 he worked until 1916 in Pless (now Pszczyna) in Upper Silesia. On 6 December 1916 he became Spandau Synagogue's first permanent rabbi. Löwenstamm took up his duties on 1 April 1917 and continued until the autumn of 1938. In this role he also gave religious instruction at Spandau's Kant-Gymnasium. He was a member of the Union of Liberal Rabbis in Germany.

Spandau Synagogue on the corner of Lindenufer and Kammerstraße, built in 1894–95 and destroyed in 1938. The ruins were removed, probably in 1942

On 9 November 1938 (Kristallnacht) the synagogue, on Lindenufer in Spandau's Old Town, was set on fire. Löwenstamm was tortured, imprisoned and deported to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, from which he was eventually released. After his release from Sachsenhausen, he found refuge in the United Kingdom in February 1939 but was interned for several weeks as an "enemy alien".

After the war, Löwenstamm gave private lessons to several students, including Jakob Josef Petuchowski and Hugo Gryn. From May 1945, he was Research Director at the Society for Jewish Studies and a member of the Association of Rabbis from Germany to London.

Personal life

He and his wife Gertrud (née Modlinger; born 14 February 1887, died 3 January 1952) had two daughters, Erika who moved to London in 1936 and Gerda who emigrated to Britain in 1938. His grandchildren live in Britain and in Israel.

Death and legacy

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Plaque commemorating the synagogue at Spandau. The plaque, on the site of the former synagogue in Spandau's Old Town, was sculpted by de

He died in Morris Feinmann House, Manchester on 22 April 1965 and was buried at Hoop Lane Jewish Cemetery in Golders Green, London. His archives were donated to the Leo Baeck Institute in New York and to the Wiener Library in London.

At the initiative of the Spandau Borough Council, a memorial tablet was unveiled in 1988 on the site of the former synagogue. A memorial plaque was placed on the pavement, in front of Löwenstamm's former home at Feldstraße 11, in Spandau, on 9 November 2005.

On 15 August 2002 a street in Spandau was named Löwenstamm Street.

Publications

Löwenstamm was a Biblical scholar, specialising in Samaritan and Karaite literature. He wrote commentaries on Dutch philosopher and jurist Hugo Grotius and the German philosopher Hermann Lotze:

• Lotzes Lehre vom Ding an Sich und Ich an sich, H. Fleischmann Verlag, 1906; Republished by Nabu Press: Charleston, South Carolina, 2010; paperback, 60 pages. ISBN 978-1-147-34747-0 [1]
• "Hugo Grotius’ Stellung zum Judentum (Hugo Grotius's attitude toward Judaism)" in Festschrift zum 75-iahrigen Bestehen des Judisch-Theologischen Seminars, Vol. II (Breslau, 1929) p. 295
• "Jüdischer Lebinsstil", Gemeindeblatt für die jüdischen Gemeinden Preussens: Verwaltungsblatt der Preussischen Landesverbandes jüdischer Gemeinden, 1 November 1934 (cited on page 229 in Rebecca Rovit: The Jewish Kulturbund Theatre Company in Nazi Berlin), University of Iowa Press, 2012. ISBN 978-1-60938-124-0

He also co-wrote a history commemorating 50 years of B'nai B'rith in Germany:

• Alfred Goldschmidt, Arthur Löwenstamm and Paul Rosenfeld: Zum 50 jährigen bestehen des Ordens Bne Briss in Deutschland: UOBB. Frankfurt am Main: Kauffmann, 1933.

Further reading

• Ernst Gottfried Lowenthal: Juden in Preussen. Ein biographisches Verzeichnis. (Jews in Prussia. A biographical directory.) Dietrich Riemer Verlag, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-496-01012-6, p. 143
• Carsten Wilke and Katrin Nele Jansen: Die Rabbiner im Deutschen Reich 1871–1945 (The rabbis of the German Reich 1871–1945), K. G. Saur Verlag, 2009

See also

• Movement for Reform Judaism

External links

• Correspondence between Löwenstamm and the lawyer and historian Franz Kobler in the Franz Kobler Collection 1909–1965