Australian passport

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Australian passport
Australian Passport Cover of P - Series.jpg
ePassport – 'P' series
Date first issued 24 October 2005 (biometric passport)
June 2014 (current version)
Issued by  Australia
Type of document Passport
Purpose Identification
Eligibility requirements Australian citizens
Expiration 10 years after issuance for adults
10 or 5 years for adults aged 75 and over
5 years for children until the age of 15
Cost Adult:
Ordinary: A$254
Frequent traveller: A$382
Aged 75 or over (5 year passport): A$127
Child:
Under age of 16: A$127
Aged 16 or 17: A$254
[1] [2]

Australian passports are travel documents issued to Australian citizens under Australian Passports Act 2005 by the Australian Passport Office of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, both in Australia and overseas, which enable the passport bearer to travel internationally. Australian citizens are allowed to hold passports from other countries,[3] though they are required to use an Australian passport to enter or leave Australia.[citation needed]

Since 24 October 2005 Australia has issued biometric passports, called ePassports, with an embedded microchip which contains the same personal information that is on the color photo page of the passport, including a digitized photograph. SmartGates have been installed in Australian airports to allow Australian ePassport owners and ePassport owners of several other countries to clear immigration controls more rapidly, and facial recognition technology has been installed at immigration gates.[4]

History

  • Until 1901, Australia consisted of six British colonies, which joined to form the Commonwealth of Australia.
  • During World War I, the War Precautions Act 1914 required all persons over 16 years of age, on leaving Australia, to possess a passport,[5] the monitoring and identifying those crossing international borders becoming regarded as critical to the security of Australia and its allies.[5] The 'X' series passport was issued in 1917.
  • The Nationality and Citizenship Act 1948 came into force on 26 January 1949, creating the concept of Australian nationality while continuing to recognise British subjects. The words Australian Passport replaced British Passport on the cover of Australian passports.[5] Two types of passport were issued:[5]
  1. 'B' series passports — issued (within Australia only) to British subjects who were not Australian citizens. The term "British subject" had a particular meaning in the context of Australian nationality law. The term encompassed all citizens of countries included in the list contained in the Australian Citizenship Act 1948. The list of countries was based on, but was not identical with, those countries (and their colonies) which were members of the Commonwealth from time to time. The list was amended from time to time as various former colonies became independent countries, but the list in the Act was not necessarily up-to-date as far as to constitute exactly a list of countries in the Commonwealth at any given time. This definition of "British subject" meant that, for the purposes of Australian nationality law, citizens of countries which had become republics, such as India, were grouped as "British subjects". This legal category was abolished in 1984 by the Australian Citizenship Amendment Act 1984.
  2. 'C' series passports — issued to Australian citizens.
  • In 1950, ‘E’ series passport replaces ‘B’ and ‘C’ series.[6]
  • In 1964, ‘G’ series passport introduced, with the St Edward's Crown at the top of the cover, the word ‘Australia’ followed by the Australian Coat of Arms, and the words ‘British Passport’ at the bottom.[6]
  • In 1967, the word ‘British Passport’ was removed from passports but retain the Crown. The word ‘Australia’ appears below the Crown, followed by the Australian Coat of Arms and the word ‘Passport’.[6] "British subjects" under Australian nationality law continued to be eligible to be issued Australian passports until 1984.[6]
  • In 1975, Responsibility for Australian passport functions transferred to the Department of Foreign Affairs (now the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade), from the then Department of Labour and Immigration.[6]
  • In 1980, Computerised Passport Issue and Control System (PICS) launched.[6]
  • Before 1983, a married woman's passport application had to be authorised by her husband.[5]
  • In 1983, the Department partnered with Australia Post to allow the issuance of Australian passports at most Australia Post outlets.[5]
  • In 1984, ‘T’ series passport introduced, with Crown emblem removed from cover.[6] And machine readable lines and were the first to have a laminate built into the document.[5] The same year Australian passports begun to be issued exclusively to Australian citizens.[7]
  • In 1986, the introduction of Single Identity passports meant children could no longer be included on their parent's passport.[5]
  • In 1988, ‘H’ and ‘J’ series passports issued with Bicentennial logo. And until 1988, a woman could apply for and receive a passport in her married name, before she was actually married.[5]
  • In 1994, Digitised colour printing of photograph and signature on the glue side of the laminate introduced.[6]
  • In 1995, ‘L’ series passports introduced, with kangaroo motif security laminate. The personal data pages initially included a photograph and a cut out piece of paper with the holders signature under a sheet of adhesive laminate.[6]
  • From approximately 1998, the personal data page for 'L' series passports was colour laser printed and under a sheet of adhesive laminate
  • The 'M' series passport was issued from 27 November 2003, which included enhanced security features. The personal data page of these passports is printed by ink-jet onto the adhesive surface of the security laminate, the laminate itself containing a holographic design.
  • From October 2005, the 'M' series was issued as a biometric or e-passport. An electronic passport logo was printed under the passport number on the personal data page. The front cover was printed in gold ink.
  • Since May 2009 the 'N' series has been issued as a biometric or e-passport. The passport is black instead of blue and has a slight font and case change to the word 'Passport' on the front cover. The front cover printing is now in silver. Additional fraud counter-measures have been included in the passport including a 'Ghost Image' and 'Retro-Reflective Floating Image' on the laminated page. Each page features images of Australia printed throughout the document making every visa page unique and more difficult to reproduce.[8]
  • In late June 2014, the "'P' series" have been issued with innovative security features that make it even more difficult to forge. Australian-flag blue with gold embossed cover, the 'P' series passport builds on the already advanced features of the e-Passport. The 'P' series is printed using the same technologies as Australian banknote. Visible security features include a new security laminate with the world’s first colour floating image.[9]

Visa requirements

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Main article: Visa requirements for Australian citizens
Visa requirements for Australian citizens

An Australian passport does not, in itself, entitle the holder to enter another country. To enter another country, the traveller must comply with the visa and entry requirements of the other countries to be visited, which vary from country to country and may apply specifically to a particular passport type, the traveller's nationality, criminal history or many other factors.

According to the 2015 Visa Restrictions Index, Australian passport holders can visit 168 countries and territories visa-free or with visa on arrival, and Australia is currently ranked 6th in terms of travel freedom, ranked behind Austria, Ireland, Singapore, Switzerland (5th placing, 169 countries) but above Greece and Malta (7th placing, 167 countries).

Foreign travel statistics

According to the statistics these are the numbers of Australian visitors to various countries per annum in 2014:

Foreign travel statistics
Destination Number of Australian visitors
 Austria[10] 139,363
 Botswana[note 1][11] 30,536
 Brazil[12] 67,389
 Cambodia[13] 134,167
 Canada[14] 300,844
 China[15] 672,100
 Croatia[16] 106,000
 Cyprus[17] 9,770
 Dominican Republic[note 2][18] 2,265
 Fiji[note 3][19] 337,291
 Finland[20] 26,959
 Greece[note 1][21] 129,112
 Indonesia[22] 1,128,533
 India[23] 239,762
 Japan[24] 302,700
 Laos[note 1][25] 35,441
 Latvia[26] 6,544
 Macau[27] 48,402
 Macedonia[28] 6,058
 Malaysia[29] 571,328
 Mauritius[30] 23,860
 Mexico[note 2][31] 63,398
 Montenegro[note 4][32] 4,078
 Myanmar[33] 29,175
 Netherlands[34] 188,000
 New Zealand[35] 901,078
 Oman[note 1][36] 15,616
 Philippines[37][38] 213,023
 Russia[39] 46,072
 Serbia[note 4][40] 1,730
 Seychelles[note 5][41] 1,661
 Singapore[42] 1,074,878
 Slovenia[43] 23,441
 South Africa[44] 111,213
 South Korea[45] 141,208
 Sri Lanka[note 1][46] 62,242
 Taiwan[47] 65,297
 Thailand[48] 831,854
 Turkey[49] 164,899
 Ukraine[50] 2,761
 United Kingdom[51] 1,006,000
 United States[note 1][52] 1,376,715
 Vietnam[note 5][53] 303,721
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Data for 2013
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Data for arrivals by air only.
  3. ↑ Data for 2012
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Counting only guests in tourist accommodation establishments.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Data for 2015

Types of passports

Emergency passport
Emergency passport
Official passport
Official passport
Diplomatic passport
Diplomatic passport
Different types of passports
  • Standard Passport (Blue or Black Cover) – Issued for ordinary travel, such as vacations and business trips, it has 34 visa pages (42 pages overall) with 10 years validity.
    • Frequent Traveler Passport – Issued to frequent travelers, such as business people (66 visa pages).
    • Child's Passport – Issued to Australian citizens aged under 18 years, for half the cost of a standard passport, it has 34 visa pages with 5 years validity..
    • Emergency Passport - Issued to Australian citizens that urgently need to travel on short notice or urgently need to replace their lost or stolen passport. Emergency passports are issued with a maximum 12 months validity.
  • Official Passport (Grey-asparagus Cover) – Issued to individuals representing the Australian government on official business. (42 pages)
  • Diplomatic Passport (Red Cover) – Issued to Australian diplomats, top ranking government officials and diplomatic couriers. (42 pages)

ePassport

Biometric passports, in Australia called ePassports, have been issued since 24 October 2005. At the time, the ePassport was very similar to the 'M' series Australian passport, differing only in having an embedded RFID microchip in the centre page and a gold international ePassport symbol on the front cover. Australian passports issued since then have been biometric.

The embedded chip stores the owner's digitised photograph, name, gender, date of birth, nationality, passport number, and the passport expiry date. This is the same information that appears on the printed information page of every passport. Facial recognition technology was introduced with the release of the ePassport to improve identity verification and reduce identity-related fraud.

Physical appearance

The current 'P' series Australian passports are Australian-flag blue, with the Australian coat of arms emblazoned in the centre of the front cover. The word "Passport" and the international e-passport symbol (EPassport logo.svg) are inscribed below the coat of arms, and "AUSTRALIA" above. The standard passport contains 42 (pps 17 & 18 unusable as they contain the contactless IC) visa pages, but it can be issued in a 74-page format upon request for an additional fee.

Identity Information Page

Australia N series ePassport information page

The Australian passport includes the following data:

  • Photo of passport owner
  • Type (P for passport)
  • Code of Issuing State (AUS)
  • Document No.
  • Name
  • Nationality (Australian)
  • Date of Birth
  • Sex (male, female and indeterminate). First reported in 2003 with recipient Alex MacFarlane, intersex people with "indeterminate" birth certificates could choose 'X'.[54][55][56] In 2011, this was extended to permit intersex and trans people to choose this when supported by a doctor's statement. Individuals may report their identified gender without having had surgical intervention.[57][58]
  • Place of birth (Only the city or town is listed, even if born outside Australia)
  • Date of issue
  • Owner's signature
  • Date of expiry
  • Authority (Australia if issued in Australia, or the name of the issuing diplomatic mission if issued overseas – e.g. London[59])

The information page ends with the Machine Readable Zone.

Passport note

The passports contain a note from the issuing state that is addressed to the authorities of all other states, identifying the bearer as a citizen of that state and requesting that he or she be allowed to pass and be treated according to international norms. The note inside Australian passports states:

The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia, being the representative in Australia of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, requests all those whom it may concern to allow the bearer, an Australian Citizen, to pass freely without let or hindrance and to afford him or her every assistance and protection of which he or she may stand in need.

Languages

The passport is printed in English. French translation is found on the identity information, observations, chip centre and notice pages.

Features

  • Microprinting – for example, horizontal lines on the notice/bearer's information pages are made up of microprinted words.
    • In L-series passports, the first verse of Advance Australia Fair is used.
    • In M-series passports, the words are from Waltzing Matilda.
    • In N-series passports, the lines are made up of the word "Australia" repeated.
    • N-series passports also feature microprinted words from Clancy of the Overflow on the visa pages.
  • The laminate of the identity information page on M-series and later passports contains retro-reflective floating images of kangaroos.

Renewal

Australian citizens, aged 18 years or over who have an adult Australian passport that was valid for at least two years when issued, and was issued on or after 1 July 2000, in the current name, date of birth and sex or have a child Australian passport that was valid for at least two years when issued, and was issued on or after 1 July 2005, and that were 16 years or over at the time of issue may apply for a renewal online with Passports Australia. If overseas, this may be done by contacting the nearest Australian Diplomatic mission.

Renewals are not available for lost or stolen passports, a full application must be made.

Refusal to issue passport

Under the Australian Passports Act 2005, the Minister for Foreign Affairs has the power to refuse, cancel or suspend a passport on a number of grounds including national security or health.[60]

Declared area offence

Australian law makes it an offence for Australians to enter, or remain in, certain regions designated as 'declared areas'.[61] The Government may declare an area (but not a whole country) if it considers terrorists are operating in that area. The maximum penalty is 10 years imprisonment, however it is a defence if a person can show they entered or remained for legitimate purposes prescribed in regulations. As at June 2015 declared areas include:

  • Mosul district, Ninewa province in Iraq
  • Al-Raqqa province in Syria

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ [1]
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Passports.gov.au Passport History
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Tourismus in Österreich 2014
  11. ↑ Tourism Annual Report-2013
  12. ↑ Anuário Estatístico de Turismo - 2015 Volume 42 Ano base 2014
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Service bulletin International Travel: Advance Information, December 2014
  15. ↑ China Inbound Tourism in 2014
  16. ↑ Tourism in Figures 2014
  17. ↑ ARRIVALS OF TOURISTS BY COUNTRY OF USUAL RESIDENCE
  18. ↑ Llegada de pasajeros vía aérea por nacionalidad, según mes, 2014
  19. ↑ VISITOR ARRIVALS - NUMBER BY COUNTRY OF RESIDENCE, Fiji Bureau of Statistics
  20. ↑ [2]
  21. ↑ [3]
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ http://www.jnto.go.jp/jpn/reference/tourism_data/visitor_trends/pdf/2013_14_tourists.pdf - 2014 年　訪日外客数（総数） Japan National Tourism Organization
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ [4]
  27. ↑ Visitor Arrivals
  28. ↑ Statistical review: Transport, tourism and other services
  29. ↑ http://corporate.tourism.gov.my/images/research/pdf/2014/arrival/Tourist_Arrivals_Dec_2014.pdf
  30. ↑ Table 27 - Tourist arrivals by country of residence, 2005 - 2014
  31. ↑ Visitantes internacionales por vía aérea por principal nacionalidad
  32. ↑ Table 4. Foreign tourist arrivals and overnight stays by countries, 2014
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Inbound tourism 2014
  35. ↑ Immigration New Zealand statistics - A1b - Arrivals by month
  36. ↑ Number of Tourists to Oman
  37. ↑ Data for 2013
  38. ↑ [5]
  39. ↑ http://www.russiatourism.ru/contents/statistika/statisticheskie-pokazateli-vzaimnykh-poezdok-grazhdan-rossiyskoy-federatsii-i-grazhdan-inostrannykh-gosudarstv/strany-lidiruyushchie-po-kolichestvu-pribytiy-na-territoriyu-rossiyskoy-federatsii/
  40. ↑ Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Serbia – Tourism, 2015
  41. ↑ [6]
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ Slovenian Tourism in Numbers 2014
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ [7]
  46. ↑ Table 17.1: Tourist arrivals by country of nationality, 2009 - 2013
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. ↑ Border Statistics 2014
  50. ↑ Foreign citizens who visited Ukraine in 2014 year, by countries
  51. ↑ [8]
  52. ↑ 2013 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics
  53. ↑ International visitors to Viet Nam in December and 12 months of 2015
  54. ↑ Ingrid Holme, "Hearing People's Own Stories", in Science as Culture, Volume 17, Issue 3, 2008
  55. ↑ "X marks the spot for intersex Alex", West Australian, via bodieslikeours.org. 11 January 2003
  56. ↑ "Neither man nor woman", Sydney Morning Herald. 27 June 2010
  57. ↑ "Australian Government Guidelines on the Recognition of Sex and Gender"
  58. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  59. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  60. ↑ Australian Passports Act 2005
  61. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

Sources

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  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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