Barholm Castle
Barholm Castle is a tower house located five miles south-west of Gatehouse of Fleet, in Dumfries and Galloway, southwest Scotland. The tower dates back to the late 15th century, and has been recently restored from a roofless state into a family home. Located at NX521529, Barholm was a stronghold of a branch of the McCulloch family. The tower is sometimes identified with the fictional Ellangowan, in Sir Walter Scott's Guy Mannering.
History
The main block of the castle dates at least in part to the 15th century. A charter of 1541 was signed at Barholm. The stair tower is a late 16th century addition, with a date stone of 1575, at which time the main block was rebuilt with a higher wall-head, and new parapet walk. A walled-up door in the east wall of the main block suggests a redesign of the accommodation.
Barholm was a stronghold of the McCullochs, who had owned the property since 1510. A strongly Protestant family, they feuded with the Catholic Browns of Carsluith Castle, only two miles to the north-west. Protestant preacher John Knox is said to have stayed here. In 1579 John Brown of Carsluith was charged to appear in court for the murder of McCulloch of Barholm, and was fined for his non-appearance. Major John McCulloch of Barholm was executed for his part in the Pentland Rising and the battle of Rullion Green in 1666.
The tower was replaced as the McCulloch residence in the late 18th century when Robert Adam built a classical house for the family near Creetown to the north. This house was destroyed by fire in the 1950s, by which time the tower had long since fallen into disrepair. Single-storey farm outbuildings had also been added on to the north of the tower. From 2003, following a grant from Historic Scotland, the tower was re-roofed and restored as a private house. Archaeological excavations were carried out before and during the works, between 2000 and 2005. Architects for the project were Peter Drummond and later Patrick Lorimer of ARP Lorimer and Associates, and the restoration work - completed in 2006 - was carried out by Cumming & Co., a Perth-based specialist restoration company.
The castle
The main block of the L-plan tower is of three storeys and a garret, with a vaulted basement at the lower level. The floor above was the hall, with a broad, hooded fireplace. The second floor was divided into two rooms. The small stair wing is a storey higher, with a caphouse at the top reached by a corbelled stair turret in the re-entrant angle. Narrow parapet walks run on the north and south walls. The main stair is a broad spiral which occupies the whole of the lower stair wing. The doors and windows have moulded surrounds, with a cable moulding, human faces and a grotesque head carved over the arched main door.
References
- Coventry, Martin The Castles of Scotland (3rd Edition), Goblinshead, 2001
- Gifford, John The Buildings of Scotland: Dumfries and Galloway, Penguin, 1996
- Lindsay, Maurice The Castles of Scotland, Constable & Co. 1986
- Salter, Mike The Castles of South West Scotland, Folly Publications, 1993
- Historic Scotland Listed Building Report [1]
- National Monuments Record of Scotland Site Reference NX55SW 4 [2]
- Historic Scotland Annual Report 2003-04
External links
- Barholm Castle
- On-line images from RCAHMS, showing the ruined castle and earlier plans for restoration.
- Design of a House for John McCulloch of Barholm in Galloway, Scotland, by William Kennedy by D.J. Kennedy, Historical Society of Pennsylvania
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