Biuret
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| Names | |
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| Preferred IUPAC name
2-Imidodicarbonic diamide[citation needed]
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| Systematic IUPAC name
(Carbamoylamino)methanamide[citation needed]
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Other names
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| Identifiers | |
108-19-0  |
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| 3DMet | B00969 |
| 1703510 | |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:18138 |
| ChemSpider | 7625 |
| EC Number | 203-559-0 |
| 49702 | |
| Jmol 3D model | Interactive image Interactive image |
| KEGG | C06555 |
| MeSH | Biuret |
| PubChem | 7913 |
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| Properties | |
| C2H5N3O2 | |
| Molar mass | 103.08 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | White crystals |
| Odor | Odourless |
| Density | 1.467 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 190 °C (decomposes) |
| Thermochemistry | |
| 131.3 J K−1 mol−1 | |
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Std molar
entropy (S |
146.1 J K−1 mol−1 |
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Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−565.8–−561.6 kJ mol−1 |
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Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH |
−940.1–−935.9 kJ mol−1 |
| Vapor pressure | {{{value}}} |
| Related compounds | |
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Related compounds
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urea, triuret, cyanuric acid |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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| Infobox references | |
Biuret is a chemical compound with the chemical formula C2H5N3O2. It is also known as carbamylurea. It is the result of condensation of two molecules of urea and is a problematic impurity in urea-based fertilizers. This white solid is soluble in hot water. Biuret was first prepared and studied by Gustav Heinrich Wiedemann (1826 - 1899) for his doctoral dissertation, which was submitted in 1847. His findings were reported in several articles.[2][3][4][5]
The term "biuret" also describes a family of organic compounds with the functional group -(HN-CO-)2N-. Thus dimethyl biuret is CH3HN-CO-NR'-CO-NHCH3. A variety of organic derivatives are possible.
Preparation
The parent compound can be prepared by heating urea above the melting point at which temperature ammonia is expelled:[6]
- 2 CO(NH2)2 → H2N-CO-NH-CO-NH2 + NH3
Under related conditions, pyrolysis of urea affords triuret ((H2N-CO-NH)2CO).[6] In general, organic biurets (those with alkyl or aryl groups in place of one or more H atoms) are prepared by trimerization of isocyanates. For example the trimer of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate is also known as HDI-biuret.
Applications
Biuret is also used as a non-protein nitrogen source in ruminant feed,[7] where it is converted into protein by gut microorganisms.[8] It is less favored than urea, due to its higher cost and lower digestibility[9] but this characteristic also slows down its digestion and so decreases the risk of ammonia toxicity.[9][10]
Biuret test
The biuret test is a chemical test for proteins and polypeptides. It is based on the biuret reagent, a blue solution that turns violet upon contact with proteins, or any substance with peptide bonds. The test and reagent do not actually contain biuret; they are so named because both biuret and proteins have the same response to the test.
Related compounds
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Scifinder, version 2007.1; Chemical Abstracts Service: Columbus, OH; RN 108-19-0 (accessed June 15, 2012)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. This notice reports that biuret reacts with alkaline copper sulfate to produce a red solution -- the so-called "Biuret test"
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Beef cattle feed, Encyclopædia Britannica Online
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
