Bradford West by-election, 2012

Bradford West by-election, 2012

29 March 2012 (2012-03-29)
The Bradford West seat in the House of Commons. Elected by simple majority using first past the post. Triggered by resignation of incumbent
First party Second party Third party   200x200px 200x200px Candidate George Galloway Imran Hussain Jackie Whiteley Party Respect Labour Conservative Last election 1,245 18,401 12,638 Popular vote 18,341 8,201 2,746 Percentage 55.9 25.0 8.4 Swing 52.8% 20.3% 22.7%
Boundary of Bradford West in West Yorkshire.
MP before election Marsha Singh Labour Subsequent MP George Galloway Respect

The Bradford West by-election was a by-election in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom constituency of Bradford West, which was held on Thursday 29 March 2012. The writ for the by-election was moved and accepted on 6 March 2012.

It was unexpectedly won by George Galloway of the Respect Party who defeated the Labour Party candidate by a large margin in a result referred to by Galloway as the "Bradford Spring" (by analogy with the Arab Spring). Galloway said the election result was Bradford's "peaceful democratic uprising" version of the riots which swept through England in August 2011.

The result was such a surprise so as to cause the Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust to commission a report to study the campaign.

Background

On 29 February 2012, the incumbent Member of Parliament for Bradford West, Marsha Singh, announced his intention to resign due to "serious illness." His most recent contribution in the House of Commons came in October 2009. As MPs cannot officially resign from the House of Commons, Singh was appointed to the role of Steward and Bailiff of the Three Hundreds of Chiltern by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, thus disqualifying him from the House.

On 6 March 2012, a motion to issue the writ for the by-election was successfully moved by Shadow Chief Whip Rosie Winterton, setting polling day as 29 March. Nominations closed at 4 pm on Wednesday 14 March.

Candidates

The Statement of Persons Nominated was released by the City of Bradford Council on 15 March.

Former MP George Galloway confirmed on 6 March that he would stand on behalf of the Respect Party, and later that day UK Independence Party leader Nigel Farage announced that their candidate was Sonja McNally, a former Green Party council candidate. On 8 March, the Liberal Democrats chose Bradford City councillor Jeanette Sunderland to be their candidate, and the Conservatives chose businesswoman and former Rotherham 2010 general election candidate Jackie Whiteley. Labour chose Imran Hussain, the Deputy Leader of Bradford City Council, to be its candidate on 11 March.

On 9 March, the Green Party announced that their candidate would be Dawud Islam, a former Labour councillor and former Green local election candidate. The candidate for the Official Monster Raving Loony Party, Alan Hope, has contested seats on fourteen occasions, parliamentary elections and by-elections. Hope used the ballot paper description "Monster Raving Loony William Hill Party" as part of a sponsorship deal. A meeting of the Democratic Nationalists held in Burnley confirmed that Neil Craig was standing for the party as he had done at the 2010 general election.

Results

Election	Political result		Candidate		Party	Votes	%	±%
Bradford West by-election, 2012 Resignation of Marsha Singh Turnout: 32,814 (50.8%) -14.1		Respect gain from Labour Majority: 10,140 (30.9%) Swing: 36.6% from Lab to Respect		George Galloway	Respect	18,341	55.9	+52.8
				Imran Hussain	Labour	8,201	25.0	-20.3
				Jackie Whiteley	Conservative	2,746	8.4	-22.7
				Jeanette Sunderland	Liberal Democrat	1,505	4.6	-7.1
				Sonja McNally	UKIP	1,085	3.3	+1.3
				Dawud Islam	Green	481	1.5	-0.8
				Neil Craig	Democratic Nationalists	344	1.0	-0.1
				Howling Laud Hope	Monster Raving Loony	111	0.3	N/A

Galloway's election as MP was the first occasion that the main opposition party has lost a seat in a by-election since the May 2000 Romsey by-election (when the Conservatives lost to the Liberal Democrats). It was also among the largest swings against the incumbent party in the same time period. Respect's increase in its share of the vote, 52.8%, was also among the largest in the history of mainland British parliamentary by-elections since the introduction of universal suffrage.

Campaign

Hussain, the Labour candidate, declared that he would not attend any of the hustings with other candidates, concentrating instead on meeting the electorate. Several senior Labour politicians, including Ed Miliband, Dennis Skinner, Yvette Cooper and Ed Balls, visited the constituency to support his campaign.

Galloway's campaign sought to capitalise on discontent with the local Labour party and tension in the Asian community. He criticised the claimed role of Baradari (brotherhood) an Urdu word denoting a hierarchical system of clan politics) in the area's local politics, particularly the local Labour party. He said that Baradari was responsible for "second- and third-rate politicians particularly but not exclusively from the Labour party being elected to the city council on the basis not of ability, not of ideas, not on records of experience but on whether their father came from the same village as someone else's father 50 or 60 years ago". Naweed Hussain, a campaign manager for the former Labour MP Singh over the previous three general elections, defected and became a campaign manager for Galloway, complaining that Labour had been "bypassing democracy" in the seat. Imran Hussain dismissed claims of Baradari.

The Times correspondent Michael Savage noticed that Galloway referred "heavily to his quasi-Islamic values in his campaign literature. One leaflet proclaimed that 'God KNOWS who is a Muslim and he KNOWS who is not. I, George Galloway, do not drink and never have." Galloway said that the photocopied leaflet in question, which did not, as electoral law requires, include the Respect logo, agent's name or address, had not been produced by him. He did however make similar comments in his campaign rally, saying 'I’m a better Pakistani than he [Mr Hussain] will ever be. God knows who’s a Muslim and who is not. And a man that’s never out of the pub shouldn’t be going around telling people you should vote for him because he’s a Muslim.' Galloway's election agent subsequently accepted that the leaflet had Galloway's approval. The Muslim Public Affairs Committee (MPACUK), which campaigned for Galloway, were involved in promoting the insinuations against Hussain over his reputed drinking of alcohol.

In an article for The Times, the Labour MP Diane Abbott argued that the result was not one of "identity" politics: "If Muslim voters in Bradford West were going to back someone who shared their ethnic identity, they would have voted for the excellent Labour candidate, who happens to be a local Muslim councillor. Furthermore, George won heavily in every ward, including many that were not majority Muslims."

Aftermath

Respect stood a total of 12 candidates in the May 2012 local elections in Bradford, although the party had said they would stand candidates in all 30 wards. Five Respect councillors were elected.

The Green by-election candidate Dawud Islam defected to Respect on 3 April 2012.

Past result

Election	Political result		Candidate		Party	Votes	%	±%
General election 2010  New boundaries Turnout: 40,576 (64.9%) +8.9		Labour hold Majority: 5,763 (14.2%) Swing: 2.9% from Con to Lab		Marsha Singh	Labour	18,401	45.3	+5.6
				Zahid Iqbal	Conservative	12,638	31.1	−0.2
				David Hall-Matthews	Liberal Democrat	4,732	11.7	−7.4
				Jenny Sampson	BNP	1,370	3.4	−3.5
				Arshad Ali	Respect	1,245	3.1	+3.1
				David Ford	Green	940	2.3	−0.7
				Jason Smith	UKIP	812	2.0	+2.0
				Neil Craig	Democratic Nationalists	438	1.1	+1.1

See also

• List of United Kingdom by-elections
• Opinion polling for the next United Kingdom general election