Bridges and tunnels across the Yangtze River

The Wushan Yangtze River Bridge in the Three Gorges of Chongqing.

The bridges and tunnels across the Yangtze River carry rail and road traffic across China's longest and largest river and form a vital part of the country's transportation infrastructure. The river bisects China proper from west to east, and every major north-south bound highway and railway must cross the Yangtze. Large urban centers along the river such as Chongqing, Wuhan, and Nanjing also have urban mass transit rail lines crossing the Yangtze.

Pontoon bridges have been used by militaries for two thousand years on the Yangtze, but until the completion of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge in 1957, there were no permanent bridges along the main stretch of the river known as Chang Jiang (the "Long River"), from Yibin to the river mouth in Shanghai, a distance of 2,884 km (1,792 mi). Since then, over 75 bridges and six tunnels have been built over this stretch, the overwhelming majority since 1990. They reflect a broad array of bridge designs and, in many cases, represent significant achievements in modern bridge engineering. Several rank among the world's longest suspension, cable-stayed, arch bridges, truss and box girder bridges as well as some of the highest and tallest bridges.

Upriver from Yibin, bridge spans are more common along the Jinsha and Tongtian sections where the Yangtze is much narrower, although numerous new bridges are being added. The oldest bridge still in use is the Jinlong, a simple suspension bridge over the Jinsha section of the river in Lijiang, Yunnan that was originally built in 1880 and rebuilt in the 1936.

Section names of the Yangtze

Map of the Yangtze River Basin, showing the location of Shanghai, Jiujiang, Wuhan, Yueyang, Yichang, the Three Gorges Dam, Chongqing, Yibin, Panzhihua and Yushu along the river.

The Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge in Nanjing

A high-speed train ride on the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway across the Dashengguan Bridge

Due to changes in the designation of the source of the Yangtze, various sections of the river have been thought of as distinct rivers with different names. The bridges and tunnels of the Yangtze have compound names consisting of the location name and the river section name. Today, the river has four sectional names in (Chinese) : (1) Tuotuo, (2) Tongtian, (3) Jinsha and (4) Chang Jiang.

1. The Tuotuo River, considered the official headstream of the Yangtze, flows 358 km (222 mi) from the glaciers of the Gelaindong massif in the Tanggula Mountains of southwestern Qinghai to the confluence with the Dangqu River to form the Tongtian River.
2. The Tongtian continues for 813 km (505 mi) to the confluence with the Batang River at Yushu in south central Qinghai.
3. The Jinsha or Gold Sands River continues for 2,308 km (1,434 mi) along the border of western Sichuan with Qinghai, Tibet, and Yunnan, through northern Yunnan and southern Sichuan to the confluence with the Min River at Yibin in south central Sichuan.
4. Chang Jiang or the "Long River" refers to the final 2,884 km (1,792 mi) of the Yangtze from Yibin through southeastern Sichuan, Chongqing, western Hubei, northern Hunan, eastern Hubei, northern Jiangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu to the river's mouth in Shanghai. Chang Jiang is generally substituted by "Yangtze" in English usage.

For example, the Nanjing Chang Jiang Bridge is translated as the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge. The Taku Jinsha River Bridge is a bridge along the Jinsha section of the Yangtze.

History

The Yangtze River forms a major geographic barrier dividing northern and southern China. For millennia, travelers crossed the Yangtze by ferry. In the first half of the 20th century, rail passengers from Beijing to Guangzhou and Shanghai had to disembark, respectively, at Hanyang and Pukou, and cross the river by steam ferry before resuming journeys by train.

Bridges in antiquity

Pontoon bridges

The Song dynasty Dongjin Bridge over the Gan River, a Yangtze tributary in Jiangxi.

The earliest recorded pontoon bridge over the Yangtze was the Jiangguan Pontoon Bridge built in AD 35 by Gongsun Shu, the ruler of Sichuan, in the war with the Han Emperor Liu Xiu. Gongsun Shu built the pontoon across a narrow part of the river between Jingmen and Yichang in (modern Hubei Province) to block the Han Emperor's navy from sailing upriver into Sichuan. The pontoon was burned in battle and Liu Xiu went on to capture Sichuan.

In 570, the Northern Zhou general Chen Teng built a crude suspension bridge across the Xiling Gorge using thick rope and reeds to carry food and provisions for his troops on the south bank. The bridge was cut apart by boats lined with sharp knives sent down river by the Chen general Zhang Shaoda.

During the Tang Dynasty, a pontoon bridge was built in Sangouzhen in the Qutang Gorge in 619.

In 974, during the Song Emperor Zhao Kuangyin's conquest of the Southern Tang, a pontoon over 1,000 meters long linked together by bamboo chains was erected in just three days at Caishiji (Ma'anshan, Anhui Province) and enabled the Song Army to advance swiftly across the river and capture Nanjing, the Southern Tang capital.

The Taiping rebels made extensive use of pontoons on the Yangtze in their campaign against the Qing Dynasty in the Yangtze Basin. In December 30, 1852, they built two pontoons nearly 3,000 meters long in a fortnight's time at Baishazhou and Yingwuzhou in Wuhan to move troops from Hanyang on the north bank to the Wuchang on the south bank. The Taipings tied together small boats into twos and threes and steered these preassembled pieces simultaneously into the river, and used iron anchors to set the pontoons instead of chains. They added leather-covered walls to the bridges and added towers and firing positions.

Pontoon bridges have not been a feasible long-term solution to cross river transport because they block boat traffic on the Yangtze, a major conduit for travelers and cargo between the coast and the Chinese interior.

Iron chain bridges

The Iron Rainbow (Tiehong) Bridge is a contemporary of the Jinlong Bridge over the Chongjiang River, a Yangtze tributary near the Great Bend in Shigu Town, Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, Lijiang, Yunnan.

Dating back to 3rd century, militaries of antiquity have stretched iron chains across the Yangtze in the Three Gorges to block invading armies. Notable examples include the iron chain defense of the Wu Kingdom in the Xiling Gorge against the Jin Dynasty in 280, the Former Shu's chain across Kuimen in the Qutang Gorge against the Jingnan in 925, and Song general Xu Zongwu's seven-link chain at the same location against the Mongols in 1264.

The first documented iron chain bridge across the river was built in the 7th century by the Tibetan Empire over the Jinsha. The Shenchuan Iron Bridge, a simple suspension bridge, stood at what is today Tacun of Weixi Lisu Autonomous County in the Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of northwestern Yunnan Province, and was probably built to help the Tibetan military advance against the Kingdom of Nanzhao during its invasions between 682 and 704. The Tibetans stationed a frontier command office in the town called the Shenchuan Iron Bridge jiedushi. The bridge facilitated trade between the two countries until 794 when the Nanzhao realigned with the Tang Dynasty and destroyed the bridge in a war with the Tibetan Empire.

The oldest bridge still in use on the Yangtze is the Jinlong Bridge in Lijiang, a simple iron chain suspension bridge first built during the Qing Dynasty from 1876 to 1880. It was destroyed in a flood in 1935 and rebuilt the following year. The bridge was named a National Historical Site in 2006.

Iron chain bridges are more durable than pontoon bridges and allow for year-round use, although when the river level is high during the flood season, boards on the bridge deck must be removed.

Modern bridges

Chang Jiang

The opening of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge on October 15, 1957.

The first permanent bridge to cross the Chang Jiang section of the river was the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, built from 1955 to 1957. The dual-use road-rail bridge was a major infrastructural project in the early years of the People's Republic and was completed with Soviet assistance. The second bridge was a single-track railway bridge built in Chongqing in 1959. The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, also a road-rail bridge, was the first bridge to cross the lower reaches of the Yangtze. It was built from 1960 to 1968, after the Sino-Soviet split, and did not receive foreign assistance. The Zhicheng Road-Rail Bridge followed in 1971.

Only two bridges opened in the 1980s, the Chongqing's First Shibanpo Bridge in 1980 and the Luzhou Road Bridge in 1982. Both were in the upper reaches of Changjiang in Sichuan Province, to which Chongqing Municipality belonged at the time.

Bridge-building resumed in the 1990s and accelerated in the first decade of the 21st century. Jiangxi Province had its first bridge in 1993 with the opening of the Jiujiang Bridge. The first bridge in Anhui Province, the Tongling Bridge, opened in 1995. Six of the 11 bridges built in the 1990s and half of the 40 bridge crossings added in the 2000s were built in Chongqing Municipality, which became a directly-controlled municipality in 1997 to facilitate the construction of the Three Gorges and experienced a building boom.

By 2005, there were over 50 bridges across the Yangtze River between Yibin and Shanghai. The rapid pace of bridge construction has continued. The first tunnel under the Yangtze opened in Wuhan in 2008.

As of December 2014, urban Chongqing has 18 bridges, Wuhan has eight bridges and three tunnels, and Nanjing has five bridges and two tunnels. About a dozen other bridges are now under construction.

The Yangluo Bridge, which opened in 2007, is one of eight bridges across the Yangtze River in Wuhan, and is tied with the Golden Gate Bridge as the 12th longest suspension bridge in the world.

Upstream sections

The Jihong Bridge over the Jinsha River just upstream from the Tiger Leaping Gorge in Lijiang, Yunnan.

In the upper reaches of the Yangtze above Yibin, the Jinsha (Gold Sands), Tongtian, and Tuotuo sections of the river are narrower and bridges are more numerous. As of December 2014, Yibin had 10 bridges across the Jinsha and Panzhihua had 16.

The Taku Jinsha River Bridge, under construction in Lijiang, is set to become the highest bridge in the world with a bridge deck that is 512 m (1,680 ft) above the surface of the river.

Bridge strain

A weigh station for the Songyuan Bridge along the Jinsha River in Yunnan

With the advent of economic growth around the country and widespread use of heavy freight trucks, bridges along the Yangtze have been bearing greater load, leading to greater strain on older bridge structures. The Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge was originally designed to carry trucks weighing up to 30 t (33 short tons). In 2008, the tonnage limit was raised to 55 t (61 short tons). In November 2011, a crack was discovered in the bridge's steel structure and forced the authorities to close the bridge to freight traffic. In February 2012, the tonnage limit was lowered to 20 t (22 short tons). Truck traffic had to be re-routed to neighboring provinces. In 2012, a crack was discovered in one girder of the Luzhou Yangtze River Bridge, leading to bridge closure and emergency repairs.

Longest and tallest bridges

Bridges over the Yangtze including some of the longest and tallest bridges in the world.

• The Runyang Bridge [2005] (1,490 m (4,890 ft)), Fourth Nanjing Bridge [2012] (1,418 m (4,652 ft)) and Jiangyin Bridge [1999] (1,385 m (4,544 ft)) are all among the ten longest suspension bridges in the world.
• The Sutong Bridge [2008] (1,088 m (3,570 ft)), Edong Bridge [2010] (926 m (3,038 ft)), Jiujiang Expressway Bridge [2013] (818 m (2,684 ft)) and Jingyue Bridge [2010] (816 m (2,677 ft)) all have cable-stayed bridge spans that rank among the top ten in the world.
• The Chaotianmen Bridge [2009] (552 m (1,811 ft)) is the longest arch bridge in the world. The Wushan Bridge [2005] (460 m (1,510 ft)) also ranks in the top ten.
• The Dashengguan Bridge [2010] and Jiujiang Bridge [1992] rank among the longest continuous truss bridges by total truss length.
• The Sutong, Jingyue, Zhongzhou [2009], and Jiujiang Expressway Bridges rank among the ten tallest in the world.
• Chongqing's Second Shibanpo Bridge [2006] set a world record for box girder bridges with a longest span of 330 m (1,080 ft).

Longest span timeline

Year	Bridge	City	Province	Longest span	Type
1957	First Wuhan Bridge	Wuhan	Hubei	128 m (420 ft)	truss
1968	First Nanjing Bridge	Nanjing	Jiangsu	160 m (520 ft)	truss
1971	Zhicheng Bridge	Zhicheng	Jiangsu	160 m (520 ft)	truss
1980	First Shibanpo Bridge	Chongqing	Sichuan	174 m (571 ft)	beam
1993	Jiujiang Bridge	Jiujiang	Jiangxi	216 m (709 ft)	truss & arch
1995	Lijiatuo Bridge	Jiulongpo District Nan'an District	Chongqing	444 m (1,457 ft)	cable-stayed
1996	Xiling Bridge	Yichang	Hubei	900 m (3,000 ft)	suspension
1999	Jiangyin Bridge	Jingjiang, Jiangyin	Jiangsu	1,385 m (4,544 ft)	suspension
2005	Runyang South Bridge	Shiye Island, Zhenjiang	Jiangsu	1,490 m (4,890 ft)	suspension

List of existing bridges and tunnels

Chang Jiang

Name	Image	Location	Province	Opened	Total length	Longest Span	Type	Carries	Coordinates
Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge		Chongming, Changxing	Shanghai	2009	9,997 m (32,799 ft)	730 m (2,400 ft)	cable-stayed	6-lane
Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel		Changxing, Pudong		2009	8,950 m (29,360 ft)	–	tunnel
Chongqi Bridge		Qidong, Chongming	Jiangsu, Shanghai	2011	7,150 m (23,460 ft)	185 m (607 ft)	box girder
Sutong Bridge		Nantong, Changshu	Jiangsu	2008	2,088 m (6,850 ft)	1,088 m (3,570 ft)	cable-stayed	6-lane
Jiangyin Bridge		Jingjiang, Jiangyin		1999	3,071 m (10,075 ft)	1,385 m (4,544 ft)	suspension	6-lane
Taizhou Bridge Complex		Taizhou, Yangzhong		2012	2,160 m (7,090 ft)	1,080 m (3,540 ft)	suspension
		Yangzhong, Zhenjiang			965 m (3,166 ft)	125 m (410 ft)	box girder
Runyang Bridge Complex		Yangzhou, Shiye Island (Nouth Bridge)		2005	756.8 m (2,483 ft)	406 m (1,332 ft)	cable-stayed	6-lane
		Shiye Island, Zhenjiang (South Bridge)			2,430 m (7,970 ft)	1,490 m (4,890 ft)	suspension
Fourth Nanjing Bridge		Nanjing		2012	5,437 m (17,838 ft)	1,418 m (4,652 ft)	suspension
Second Nanjing Bridge				2001	2,938 m (9,639 ft)	628 m (2,060 ft)	cable-stayed	6-lane
Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge				1968	1,577 m (5,174 ft)	160 m (520 ft)	truss	4-lane Jinghu R.R. 2-track
Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel				2009	3,837 m (12,589 ft)	–	tunnel	6-lane highway
Third Nanjing Bridge				2005	4,744 m (15,564 ft)	648 m (2,126 ft)	cable-stayed	6-lane
Nanjing Metro Line 10 Tunnel				2014	3,345 m (10,974 ft)	–	tunnel
Dashengguan Bridge				2010	1,615 m (5,299 ft)	336 m (1,102 ft)	arch	Jinghu HSR Huhanrong PDL Nanjing Metro 6-track
Ma'anshan Bridge Complex		Ma'anshan	Anhui	2013	11,209 m (36,775 ft)	1,080 m (3,540 ft)x2	suspension	6-lane
						260 m (850 ft)x2	cable-stayed
Wuhu Bridge		Wuhu		2000	2,193 m (7,195 ft)	312 m (1,024 ft)	cable-stayed	Railway
Tongling Bridge		Tongling		1995	1,152 m (3,780 ft)	432 m (1,417 ft)	cable-stayed	4-lane
Anqing Bridge		Anqing		2004	1,040 m (3,410 ft)	510 m (1,670 ft)	cable-stayed
Jiujiang Bridge		Huangmei, Jiujiang	Hubei, Jiangxi	1993	1,806 m (5,925 ft)	216 m (709 ft)	combined truss and arch	Jingjiu R.R.
Jiujiang Expressway Bridge				2013	1,405 m (4,610 ft)	818 m (2,684 ft)	cable-stayed
Huangshi Bridge		Huangshi	Hubei eastern	1995	1,060 m (3,480 ft)	245 m (804 ft)	beam
Edong Bridge		Huanggang		2010	1,486 m (4,875 ft)	926 m (3,038 ft)	cable-stayed
Ehuang Bridge		Huanggang, Ezhou		2002	1,290 m (4,230 ft)	480 m (1,570 ft)	cable-stayed
Huanggang Bridge				2014	1,215 m (3,986 ft)	567 m (1,860 ft)	cable-stayed	Wuhuang ICR
Yangluo Bridge		Wuhan		2007	2,735 m (8,973 ft)	1,280 m (4,200 ft)	suspension	6-lane
Tianxingzhou Bridge				2009	4,657 m (15,279 ft)	504 m (1,654 ft)	cable-stayed	6-lane Wuhan Third Ring Road Wuguang HSR & Huhanrong Railway 4-track
Erqi Bridge				2011	2,922 m (9,587 ft)	616 m (2,021 ft)	cable-stayed	Wuhan Second Ring Road 8-lane
Second Wuhan Bridge				1995	1,080 m (3,540 ft)	400 m (1,300 ft)	cable-stayed	Wuhan Inner Ring Road
Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel				2008	3,630 m (11,910 ft)	N/A	tunnel	4-lane highway
Wuhan Metro Line 2 Tunnel				2012	3,098 m (10,164 ft)	N/A	tunnel
Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge				1957	1,670 m (5,480 ft)	128 m (420 ft)	truss	4-lane Jingguang R.R.
Wuhan Metro Line 4 Tunnel				2014	2,994 m (9,823 ft) (left tube) 3,003 m (9,852 ft)(right tube)	–	tunnel
Yingwuzhou Bridge				2014	2,300 m (7,500 ft)	850 m (2,790 ft)	suspension	Road
Baishazhou Bridge				2000	3,589 m (11,775 ft)	618 m (2,028 ft)	cable-stayed	Wuhan Third Ring Road
Junshan Bridge				2001	2,847 m (9,341 ft)	460 m (1,510 ft)	cable-stayed
Jingyue Bridge		Jianli, Yueyang	Hubei, Hunan	2010	5,400 m (17,700 ft)	816 m (2,677 ft)	cable-stayed	6-lane
Jingzhou Bridge		Jingzhou	Hubei western	2002	4,177 m (13,704 ft)	500 m (1,600 ft)	cable-stayed	4-lane
Zhicheng Bridge		Zhicheng		1971	1,742.3 m (5,716 ft)	160 m (520 ft)	truss	Jiaoliu R.R.
Yichang Bridge		Yichang		2001	1,187 m (3,894 ft)	960 m (3,150 ft)	suspension
Yichang Railway Bridge				2008	2,446 m (8,025 ft)	275 m (902 ft) (x2)	truss and arch	Yiwan R.R. 2-track
Yiling Bridge				2001	936 m (3,071 ft)	348 m (1,142 ft) (x2)	cable-stayed	4-lane highway
Xiling Bridge				1996	1,119 m (3,671 ft)	900 m (3,000 ft)	suspension	4-lane highway
Badong Bridge		Badong		2004	728 m (2,388 ft)	388 m (1,273 ft)	cable-stayed
Wushan Bridge		Wushan County	Chongqing	2005	612 m (2,008 ft)	460 m (1,510 ft)	arch	Road
Fengjie Bridge		Fengjie		2005	893 m (2,930 ft)	460 m (1,510 ft)	cable-stayed	Road S201
Yunyang Bridge		Yunyang		2005	637 m (2,090 ft)	318 m (1,043 ft)	cable-stayed	Road
Second Wanzhou Bridge		Wanzhou		2004	1,153.86 m (3,786 ft)	580 m (1,900 ft)	suspension	4-lane highway
Wanzhou Railway Bridge				2005	1,106 m (3,629 ft)	360 m (1,180 ft)	arch	Yiwan Railway 2-track
Wanxian Bridge				1997	864 m (2,835 ft)	420 m (1,380 ft)	arch
Zhongxian Bridge		Zhong County		2001	1,200 m (3,900 ft)	560 m (1,840 ft)	suspension	4-lane S302
Zhongzhou Bridge				2009	2,145 m (7,037 ft)	460 m (1,510 ft)	cable-stayed
Fengdu Bridge		Fengdu		1997	620 m (2,030 ft)	450 m (1,480 ft)	suspension	S103
Hanjiatuo Bridge		Fuling		2012	1,137 m (3,730 ft)	432 m (1,417 ft)	cable-stayed	Yuli Railway
Shiban'gou Bridge				2009	975 m (3,199 ft)	450 m (1,480 ft)	cable-stayed	4-lane Fuling Ring Rd
Fuling Bridge				1997	631 m (2,070 ft)	330 m (1,080 ft)	cable-stayed	4-lane
Lidu Bridge				2007	822 m (2,697 ft)	398 m (1,306 ft)	cable-stayed	Road
Qingcaobei Bridge 青草背长江大桥				2013	1,146 m (3,760 ft)	460 m (1,510 ft)	suspension	Fuling Ring Rd.
Changshou Bridge		Changshou District		2009	1,160 m (3,810 ft)	460 m (1,510 ft)	cable-stayed	4-lane highway
Changshou Railway Bridge				2005	898.3 m (2,947 ft)	192 m (630 ft)	truss	Yuhuai R.R. 2-track
Yuzui Bridge		Nan'an District		2009	1,440 m (4,720 ft)	616 m (2,021 ft)	suspension	6-lane
Dafosi Bridge				2001	1,176 m (3,858 ft)	450 m (1,480 ft)	cable-stayed	6-lane
Chaotianmen Bridge		Yubei District, Nan'an District		2009	4,880 m (16,010 ft)	552 m (1,811 ft)	arch	6-lane highway 2-track light rail
Dongshuimen Bridge		Yuzhong District, Nan'an District		2014	1,124 m (3,688 ft)	445 m (1,460 ft)	cable-stayed	4-lane highway
Shibanpo Bridge				1980	1,103 m (3,619 ft)	330 m (1,080 ft)	box girder	8-lane highway
Caiyuanba Bridge				2007	1,866 m (6,122 ft)	420 m (1,380 ft)	arch	6-lane highway 2-track
E'gongyan Bridge		Jiulongpo District, Nan'an District		2000	1,022 m (3,353 ft)	600 m (2,000 ft)	suspension	6 lane highway
Lijiatuo Bridge				1995	1,288 m (4,226 ft)	444 m (1,457 ft)	cable-stayed	Highway
Masangxi Bridge		Dadukou District, Ba'nan District		2001	1,104 m (3,622 ft)	360 m (1,180 ft)	cable-stayed	6-lane
Yudong Bridge				2008	1,541 m (5,056 ft)	260 m (850 ft)	beam	6-lane highway 2-track light rail
Baishatuo Railway Bridge		Dadukou District, Jiangjin District		1960	825 m (2,707 ft)	80 m (260 ft)	truss	2-track Chuanqian R.R.
Diwei Bridge				2004	734 m (2,408 ft)	345 m (1,132 ft)	cable-stayed	2-lane road
Guanyinyan Bridge		Jiulongpo District, Jiangjin District		2009	1,199 m (3,934 ft)	436 m (1,430 ft)	cable-stayed	6-lane
Dingshan Bridge				2013	897 m (2,943 ft)	464 m (1,522 ft)	cable-stayed	6-lane road
Jiangjin Bridge 江津长江大桥		Jiangjin District		1997	1,360 m (4,460 ft)	240 m (790 ft)	beam
Chongqing Yongchuan Bridge	重庆永川长江大桥	Jiangjin District, Yongchuan District		2014	1,685 m (5,528 ft)	608 m (1,995 ft)	cable-stayed	Chongqing Third Ring Rd.
Bosideng Bridge		Hejiang County	Sichuan	2012	841 m (2,759 ft)	530 m (1,740 ft)	arch
Second Hejiang Bridge				2012	1,695 m (5,561 ft)	420 m (1,380 ft)	cable-stayed
Huangyi Bridge 黄舣长江大桥		Luzhou		2012	1,223 m (4,012 ft)	520 m (1,710 ft)	cable-stayed
Taian Bridge 泸州泰安长江大桥				2008	1,573 m (5,161 ft)	270 m (890 ft)	cable-stayed	Road
Qiancao Bridge 茜草长江大桥				2012	1,189 m (3,901 ft)	248 m (814 ft)	extradosed	Road
Luzhou Bridge 泸州长江大桥				1982	1,252 m (4,108 ft)	170 m (560 ft)	beam
Luzhou Railway Bridge 泸州铁路长江大桥				2002	602 m (1,975 ft)	144 m (472 ft)	beam	Longchang-Huangtong R.R. 1-track
Second Luzhou Bridge 泸州长江二桥				2003	1,408 m (4,619 ft)	253 m (830 ft)	beam	4-lane
Jiang'an Bridge 江安长江大桥		Jiang'an County		2008	1,093 m (3,586 ft)	252 m (827 ft)	beam	Road
Nanxi Bridge		Yibin		2012	1,295 m (4,249 ft)	820 m (2,690 ft)	suspension
Yibin Yangtze Bridge 宜宾长江大桥				2008	928.73 m (3,047.0 ft)	460 m (1,510 ft)	cable-stayed	4-lane highway

Jinsha

Name	Image	Location	Province	Opened	Total length	Longest Span	Type	Carries	Coordinates
Yibin Rongzhou Bridge 宜宾戎州大桥		Yibin	Sichuan eastern	2004	505 m (1,657 ft)	260 m (850 ft)	arch	road
Yibin Xiaonanmen Bridge 宜宾小南门大桥				1990	387 m (1,270 ft)	260 m (850 ft)	arch	road
Yibin Jinsha River Railway Bridge	宜宾金沙江铁路大桥			1968	400 m (1,300 ft)	176 m (577 ft)	beam	Yigong R.R.
Yibin Zhongba Bridge 宜宾中坝大桥				2003	427 m (1,401 ft)	252 m (827 ft)	cable-stayed	road
Yibin Tianchi Bridge	宜宾天池大桥			2011	653 m (2,142 ft)	220 m (720 ft)	rigid frame	road
Yibin Mamingxi Bridge	马鸣溪大桥			1979	245 m (804 ft)	150 m (490 ft)	deck arch
Yishui Expressway Bridge 宜水高速公路金沙江大桥				2005	1,712 m (5,617 ft)	249 m (817 ft)	rigid frame
Shuifu Bridge	水富大桥	Yibin, Zhaotong	Sichuan Yunnan	1958			truss	Neikun R.R.
Xiangjiaba Bridge	向家坝金沙江大桥			2007	443 m (1,453 ft)	170 m (560 ft)	rigid frame	road
G213 Jinsha River Bridge	213国道金沙江大桥			2001	310 m (1,020 ft)	150 m (490 ft)	arch	road
Xiluodu Bridge	溪洛渡大桥	Liangshan, Zhaotong		2005			rigid frame	road
Tongyang Bridge	通阳大桥			2008			arch
Hulukou Bridge	葫芦口大桥			1998	160 m (520 ft)		arch
Jiaopingdu Bridge	皎平渡大桥	Liangshan, Kunming		1991	144 m (472 ft)		cable-stayed
Yuzha Bridge	鱼鲊大桥	Liangshan, Panzhihua	Sichuan southern	2014	398 m (1,306 ft)	180 m (590 ft)	rigid frame
G5 Expressway Bridge 西攀高速公路金沙江大桥		Panzhihua		2008	637 m (2,090 ft)	324 m (1,063 ft)	cable-stayed
Chengkun Railway Bridge	成昆铁路金沙江大桥			1970	390 m (1,280 ft)	192 m (630 ft)	beam	Chengkun R.R.
Qinglongshan Expressway Bridge	丽攀高速公路青龙山大桥			2014	862 m (2,828 ft)	230 m (750 ft)	rigid frame
Luoguo Bridge 倮果大桥				1995	208 m (682 ft)	160 m (520 ft)	arch
New Midi Bridge	新密地大桥			2011 2013	296 m (971 ft)	182 m (597 ft)	arch	road
Midi Bridge 密地大桥				1969 2014	284 m (932 ft)	181 m (594 ft)	arch	road
Bingcaogang Bridge 炳草岗大桥				2001	516.3 m (1,694 ft)	200 m (660 ft)	cable-stayed	road
New Dukou Bridge 新渡口大桥				2005	385.88 m (1,266.0 ft)	170 m (560 ft)	arch
Hehuachi Bridge 荷花池大桥				1976	252.2 m (827 ft)	110 m (360 ft)	arch	road
Hehuachi Railway Bridge	荷花池铁路桥			1995			rigid frame	railway
Xinzhuang Bridge	新庄大桥			1972	323.7 m (1,062 ft)	146 m (479 ft)	arch
Dashuijing Bridge	丽攀高速公路大水井大桥			2014	475 m (1,558 ft)	230 m (750 ft)	rigid frame
Fala Bridge	法拉大桥			2005	233.74 m (766.9 ft)	190 m (620 ft)	box girder	road
Baoding Bridge	宝鼎大桥			1982	392 m (1,286 ft)	170 m (560 ft)	box girder	road
Zhuangshang Bridge	庄上金沙江特大桥			2014	370 m (1,210 ft)	180 m (590 ft)	rigid frame
Panzhihua Guanyinyan Bridge	观音岩大桥			2005		114 m (374 ft)	arch	road
New Jinjiang Bridge	新金江大桥	Lijiang	Yunnan	2012	325 m (1,066 ft)		rigid frame
Second Zhongjiang Bridge	中江二桥	Dali			250 m (820 ft)	170 m (560 ft)	suspension	road
Zhongjiang Bridge	中江大桥			2005			suspension	road
Longkaikou Bridge	龙开口大桥						rigid frame	road
Jinlong Bridge	金龙桥	Lijiang		1936	116 m (381 ft)	90 m (300 ft)	simple suspension	foot traffic
Jin'an Bridge	金安桥			1982	186 m (610 ft)	110 m (360 ft)	arch
New Jin'an Bridge	新金安桥						arch	road
New Shudi Bridge	新树底大桥			2003	179.6 m (589 ft)	120 m (390 ft)	rigid frame
Ahai Bridge	阿海大桥				270 m (890 ft)		arch	road
Fengke Bridge	奉科大桥				216 m (709 ft)	150 m (490 ft)	rigid frame	road
Liyuan Bridge	梨园大桥	Dêqên, Lijiang					arch	road
Jihong Bridge 继红桥				1971	150 m (490 ft)	75 m (246 ft)	arch	road
							suspension	road
Songyuan Bridge	松园大桥			1996		170 m (560 ft)	arch
							suspension	road
Qizong Bridge	其宗大桥	Dêqên		1989			cable-stayed
New Helong Bridge 新贺龙桥		Garzê, Dêqên	Sichuan, Yunnan				arch
Quzong Bridge	曲宗大桥						arch	road
							suspension	road
Yinduba Bridge	因都坝大桥			2009		90 m (300 ft)	arch	road
							simple suspension	foot path
							simple suspension	foot path
							suspension	road
		Garzê, Chamdo	Sichuan, Tibet				suspension	road
							suspension	road
							suspension	foot path
New Zhubalong Bridge 新竹巴龙金沙江大桥							beam
Old Zhubalong Bridge	老竹巴龙金沙江大桥			1964			beam	foot path
							suspension	foot path
							suspension	foot path
							simple suspension	foot path
							simple suspension	foot path
							simple suspension	foot path
							simple suspension	foot path
New Gangtuo Bridge	新岗托大桥						beam
Gangtuo Bridge	岗托大桥			1974	140 m (460 ft)	70 m (230 ft)	arch	road
							suspension	foot path
Dengmanusangba Bridge	邓玛奴桑巴桥			1988	150 m (490 ft)		suspension	road
		Garzê, Yushu	Sichuan, Qinghai				suspension	road

Tongtian

Name	Image	Location	Province	Opened	Total length	Longest Span	Type	Carries	Coordinates
G214 Tongtian River Bridge	214国道通天河大桥	Chindu County, Yushu County	Qinghai (Yushu)	2003			beam
Qingkang Highway Tongtian River Bridge	青康公路通天河大桥			1963	150 m (490 ft)	50 m (160 ft)	arch	road
Zhongda Tongtian River Suspension Bridge	仲达通天河索桥						simple suspension	footpath
Zhongda Tongtian River Bridge	仲达通天河大桥			2012			beam	road
							beam	road
							simple suspension	road
							suspension	road
							suspension	road
							suspension	footpath
		Qumarlêb County, Zhidoi County					suspension	road
Qumarlêb Tongtian River Bridge	曲麻莱通天河大桥			2012	600 m (2,000 ft)	100 m (330 ft)	rigid frame bridge

Tuotuo

Name	Image	Location	Province	Opened	Total length	Longest Span	Type	Carries	Coordinates
G109 Tuotuo River Bridge	109国道沱沱河大桥	Tanggula Town (Golmud)	Qinghai (Haixi)	1958			beam
Qinghai-Tibet Railway Tuotuo River Bridge	青藏铁路长江源特大桥			2006	1,389.6 m (4,559 ft)		beam	Qinghai–Tibet R.R.

Bridges and tunnels under construction

Chang Jiang

Name	Location	Expected opening	Total length	Longest span	Type	Carries	Coord.
Shanghai-Nantong Bridge 沪通长江大桥	Nantong & Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu	2015	2,300 m (7,500 ft)	1,092 m (3,583 ft)	cable-stayed	Hutong R.R.
Nanjing Metro Line 3 Tunnel	Nanjing, Jiangsu	2015	3,100 m (10,200 ft)	-	tunnel	Nanjing Metro Line 3
Nanjing Yangzijiang Tunnel	Nanjing, Jiangsu	2015	7,368 m (24,173 ft)	-	tunnel	road
Yijishan Bridge 弋矶山长江大桥	Wuhu, Anhui	2018	1,232 m (4,042 ft)	588 m (1,929 ft)	cable-stayed	Shangqiu-Hangzhou H.S.R. road
Second Wuhu Bridge 芜湖长江二桥	Wuhu, Anhui	2017	1,622 m (5,322 ft)	806 m (2,644 ft)	cable-stayed
Chizhou Bridge 池州长江大桥	Chizhou, Anhui	2019	5,818 m (19,088 ft)	828 m (2,717 ft)	cable-stayed
Tongling Road-Rail Bridge 铜陵长江公铁大桥	Tongling, Anhui	2015-07-01	1,290 m (4,230 ft)	630 m (2,070 ft)	cable-stayed	Hefu H.S.R.
Anqing Railway Bridge	Anqing, Anhui	2019	2,997 m (9,833 ft)	580 m (1,900 ft)	cable-stayed	Nanjing–Anqing Intercity Railway
Wangdong Bridge 望东长江公路大桥	Wangjiang and Dongzhi, Anqing	2015	4,035 m (13,238 ft)	638 m (2,093 ft)	cable-stayed	Road
Yangsigang Bridge 杨泗港长江大桥	Wuhan, Hubei	2019	4,318 m (14,167 ft)	1,700 m (5,600 ft)	suspension	Road
Dunkou Bridge 沌口长江大桥	Wuhan, Hubei	2017	3,287 m (10,784 ft)	760 m (2,490 ft)	cable-stayed	Wuhan 4th Ring Rd.
Gongan Bridge 公安长江大桥	Jingzhou, Hubei	2018	2,015.9 m (6,614 ft)	518 m (1,699 ft)	cable-stayed	Shashi-Gongan Hwy Jingzhou-Yueyang R.R.	,
Miaozui Bridge 庙嘴长江大桥}}	Yichang, Hubei	2015	3,234.7 m (10,613 ft)	838 m (2,749 ft)	suspension cable-stayed	road
Fuma Bridge 驸马长江大桥	Wanzhou, Chongqing	2017	2,003 m (6,572 ft)	1,050 m (3,440 ft)	suspension
Third Wanzhou Bridge 万州长江三桥	Wanzhou, Chongqing	2018	2,120 m (6,960 ft)	30 m (98 ft)	cable-stayed	road
Second Fengdu Bridge 重庆丰都长江二桥	Fengdu, Chongqing	2015?	2,140 m (7,020 ft)	680 m (2,230 ft)	cable-stayed	road
Cuntan Bridge 寸滩长江大桥	Jiangbei, Chongqing	2016	1,600 m (5,200 ft)	880 m (2,890 ft)	suspension	road
New Baishatuo Bridge 新白沙沱长江大桥	Dadukou & Jiangjin, Chongqing	2017	920 m (3,020 ft)	432 m (1,417 ft)	cable-stayed	Chongqing–Guizhou H.S.R.
Jiangjin Jijiang Bridge 江津几江长江大桥	Jiangjin, Chongqing	2016–11	1,897 m (6,224 ft)	600 m (2,000 ft)	cable-stayed	6-lane Highway
Hejiang Yangtze River Bridge 合江长江大桥	Hejiang, Sichuan	2020	1,560 m (5,120 ft)	507 m (1,663 ft)	arch	road

Upstream sections

Name	Location	Expected opening	Total length	Main span	Type	Carries	Coord.
Yibin Jinsha River Road Rail Bridge 宜宾金沙江公铁大桥	Yibin, Sichuan	2017	1,874.9 m (6,151 ft)	336 m (1,102 ft)	arch	road Chengdu-Guiyang H.S.R.
Puhe Bridge 普和大桥	Yibin, Sichuan	2015	268 m (879 ft)	180 m (590 ft)	rigid frame	road
Suijiang Yunchuan Bridge 绥江云川金沙江特大桥	Yibin, Sichuan Zhaotong, Yunnan	2015	718 m (2,356 ft)	228 m (748 ft)	box girder	road
New Hulukou Bridge 新葫芦口大桥	Liangshan, Sichuan Zhaotong, Yunnan	2015	959 m (3,146 ft)	656 m (2,152 ft)	suspension	road
Jindong Bridge 金东大桥	Liangshan, Sichuan Kunming, Yunnan	2015	941 m (3,087 ft)	730 m (2,400 ft)	suspension	road
Wudongde Bridge 乌东德大桥	Liangshan, Sichuan Kunming, Yunnan	2015	213 m (699 ft)	90 m (300 ft)	rigid frame	road
Hemenkou Bridge 河门口大桥	Liangshan, Sichuan Kunming, Yunnan	2017	522 m (1,713 ft)	240 m (790 ft)	rigid frame	road
Second Chengkun Railway Bridge 成昆二线金沙江大桥	Panzhihua, Sichuan	2020			cable-stayed	Second Chengkun R.R.
Taku Bridge 塔库金沙江大桥	Lijiang, Yunnan	2018	1,522 m (4,993 ft)	1,190 m (3,900 ft)	suspension
G214 New Tongtian River Bridge 214国道新通天河大桥	Yushu, Qinghai				rigid frame	road

Planned bridges

Name	Location	Expected opening	Total length	Main span	Type	Carries
Wuxue Bridge	Wuxue, Hubei & Yangxin, Jiangxi	2018	4,331 m (14,209 ft)	1,328 m (4,357 ft)	cable-stayed	Macheng-Yangxin Hwy
Chibi Bridge	Honghu & Chibi, Hubei	2018	4,557 m (14,951 ft)	720 m (2,360 ft)	cable-stayed	S214

See also

• Yangtze River power line crossings
• List of bridges in China
• List of longest suspension bridge spans
• List of longest cable-stayed bridge spans
• List of longest arch bridge spans
• List of longest continuous truss bridge spans
• List of highest bridges in the world
• List of tallest bridges in the world

External links

• (Chinese) China Jiangsu Net Yangtze River Bridges