British Rail Class 220

British Rail Class 220 Voyager
CrossCountry 220002 passes Charfield on a Birmingham New St-Plymouth service.
The interior of standard class on board a CrossCountry Class 220
In service	2001 —
Manufacturer	Bombardier Transportation
Built at	Bruges, Belgium
Family name	Voyager
Constructed	2000–2001
Number built	34 trainsets
Number in service	34 trainsets
Formation	4 cars per trainset
Capacity	174 standard class, 26 first class
Operator(s)	CrossCountry
Specifications
Car body construction	Steel
Car length	23.85 m (driving cars) or 22.82 m (intermediate cars)
Width	2.73 m (8 ft 11 in)
Articulated sections	Flexible diaphragm (within unit only)
Maximum speed
Weight	185.6 t (182.7 long tons; 204.6 short tons) per trainset
Traction system	DEMU
Prime mover(s)	Cummins QSK19
Power output	Each engine: at 1800 rpm Total:
Transmission	Diesel-electric
UIC classification	1A'A1'+1A'A1'+1A'A1'+1A'A1'
Braking system(s)	Rheostatic
Safety system(s)	AWS, TPWS
Coupling system	Dellner
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge

The Class 220 Voyager is a class of diesel-electric high-speed multiple-unit trains built in Belgium by Bombardier Transportation in 2000 and 2001.

They were introduced in 2001 to replace the 30-year-old InterCity 125 and Class 47 fleets operating on the Cross Country Route, initially for Virgin Trains and since 2007 by CrossCountry.

Technical details

All coaches are equipped with a Cummins QSK19 diesel engine of 750 hp (560 kW) at 1800rpm. These power a generator which supplies current to motors driving two axles per coach, with one axle per bogie powered.

Voyagers have both air and rheostatic brakes. They are fitted with Dellner couplers, like the Class 222, operated by East Midlands Trains and the Class 390 Pendolino electric trains used by Virgin West Coast meaning they can be coupled in rescue/recovery mode (air brake only) in the event of a failure. 220s and 221s can also be easily assisted by Dellner fitted Class 57s (Thunderbirds) in the event of a failure. By use of adaptive couplings a failed 220 or 221 can also be assisted by any air braked locomotive such as a Class 37, 47 or 66 or even an HST. The units can work in multiple with Class 221 units but not Class 222 units as the electrical connections of the Class 222 units are incompatible with the Class 220.

Classes 220 (left) and 221 (right) at Durham, showing the differing bogie designs

The Class 220s and closely related Class 222s have B5005 bogies, which are distinctive as they are of inside-frame design and so the axles are supported by bearings behind the wheels, meaning the outside face of the wheel is visible. The related Class 221 Super Voyager has outside-frame bogies and hence a more conventional appearance.

The Class 220s operate in four-coach sets with a carriage mass of between 45 and 48 tonnes and a total train weight of 185.6 tonnes, a top speed of and a maximum range of approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km) between each refuelling. Their route availability is very good being RA 2 - in part due to the lightweight bogie design.

Class 220 units do not have automatic sanding equipment, and instead have "one-shot" sanders which activate when all of the following conditions are met:

1. The emergency stop button has been pressed;
2. Wheel slip has been detected;
3. Train speed is over 8 miles per hour (13 km/h).

As it was necessary to take the train out of service for refill following the deployment of sand, Bombardier fitted a second sand bottle, allowing two uses before the train would need to be withdrawn from service. The CrossCountry fleet was modified between February and June 2011.

All Voyagers are maintained at the dedicated Central Rivers TMD near Burton-on-Trent.

The interior of First Class

Accidents and incidents

Units have sometimes been stopped by salt water, when storm-driven waves broke over the train at Dawlish in south Devon and inundated the resistor banks, causing the control software to shut down. This problem was fixed by an upgrade to the control software. Voyagers are still susceptible to restricted operation between Dawlish Warren and Teignmouth, due to the risk of total electrical failure of the train. If there is a possibility of sea spray following a Met office alert, Voyagers are prohibited from using the route, being terminated at Exeter St Davids.

There were a number of exhaust fires on the Voyager class during 2005–2006 due to incorrect fitting of equipment during overhauls. Fires occurred at Starcross (Class 221), Newcastle and on 19 January 2006 at Congleton.

On 14 March 2008, 220 012, forming a service to Derby, had a roof fire at Banbury. This fire was caused by a bird getting caught under one of the hot brake resistors on the roof of the train. Damage to the train was not serious and it was repaired and returned to service.

Formation and passenger facilities

Class 220s operate in four-coach sets. These trains, unlike the older trains they replaced, feature electronic information boards on the exterior walls showing the train number, the time, the coach, the train's destination, and the next station. This is also a feature of the Class 221 and Class 222 trains (The Class 390 trains have such electronic information boards, but in the doors). They are air-conditioned throughout, with powered doors. The coaches are fitted with power sockets for laptop computers and mobile phone charging. Toilet facilities for disabled people and storage facilities for bicycles are provided.

They provide 26 seats in 2+1 formation in first class and 174 seats in 2+2 formation in standard class.

The formation of a four-car Class 220 is as follows:

• 604## - Coach A - 26 seats - First Class with disabled area, train manager office, first class catering area and driving cab. Toilet.
• 602## - Coach C - 66 seats - Standard Class. Toilet.
• 607## - Coach D - 66 seats - Standard Class with large luggage area and reservable space for three bikes. No toilet.
• 603## - Coach F - 42 seats - Standard Class with disabled area, catering base and driving cab. Toilet.

There is no coach B on the four car class 220, it exists on the 5-car class 221 and is usually a coach which holds no reservations. This aids short-term fleet changes, for example if a class 220 is running in a diagram that usually has a class 221, then the loss of a coach will not affect the reservation system, as they will all still be allocated. CrossCountry has finished updating the interior layout of all its 220 and 221 sets; the aim is to increase seating capacity, in line with its commitments to the franchise agreements, as well as provide an at-seat trolley service for refreshments instead of a shop. Research had shown that the shop was not making as good a turnover as hoped because people prefer not to leave their seats to get refreshments; they feared either losing their seat or having their belongings stolen when away. In Virgin Trains' unsuccessful franchise bid it also cited removal of the shop from 220s and 221s as a way of trying to improve seating capacity.

The interior renovation involved the removal of the shop from coach D and the conversion of the stowage area in coach F to a catering storage area where there is now a fridge, food storage and a space for an on-board trolley to be stored. Bicycle storage has been moved to coach D where the shop was. It can now store three bicycles instead of four.

The Class 220s have been criticised for a number of shortcomings:

• Increased underfloor noise and vibration when compared to the non-powered Mark 2 and Mark 3 coaching stock they replaced due to the underfloor diesel engines.
• As the profile of the bodyshells is designed to allow clearance for tilting (although the Class 220s have never featured tilting capability, they use the same shell as the Class 221), the interior space is reduced when compared with conventional carriages.
• The four-car sets are typically shorter than the trains they replaced (usually a locomotive with 7 coaches or a 7-car HST)- despite more frequent running, overcrowding is still a problem especially with the increase in passenger numbers. A feasibility study into adding another coach to each Voyager is being looked at by the Department For Transport jointly with Crosscountry and Bombardier (September 2011). This coach would have a pantograph and conversion equipment instead of a diesel engine, providing the Voyager units (Classes 220 and 221) with dual traction capability (diesel/electric and electric 25 kV).
• There is little to no space to store large luggage items or bikes. More luggage space has been provided in the converted CrossCountry units with the removal of the shop. The conversion has however resulted in only three bicycle spaces instead of the original four.
• Most seating is in 'airline' configuration, with pull-down trays which are too small to use a large laptop on, but are fine for smaller laptops and netbooks.

Operation

Class 220 in Virgin Trains livery in 2006, after departing Bristol Parkway. It is operating a service from Plymouth to Newcastle, which is an example of a Sunday service still operated today by CrossCountry.

CrossCountry unit 220014 departs Weston-super-Mare with a northbound service from Paignton to Manchester Piccadilly.

Two British Rail Class 220 units operated by CrossCountry coupling to form a longer train

CrossCountry Class 220 unit 220032 on a curve at Langstone Rock near Dawlish.

Main article: Cross Country Route

All units are owned by Voyager Leasing, a consortium of Lloyds Banking Group and Angel Trains. They are leased to the train operating companies; as of 2013, CrossCountry is the only operator of Class 220 units.

Virgin Trains was the sole operator of Class 220 Voyager trains when they were introduced in 2001, via their Virgin West Coast and Virgin CrossCountry franchises. When the Cross Country Route franchise was transferred to Arriva CrossCountry in November 2007, most of the Voyager fleet was transferred with it, and by the end of 2007 CrossCountry was the sole operator of Class 220 units.

The 220s often operate in multiple with Class 221 units, which are mechanically similar except for their bogies and have the same coupler type.

Fleet details

There are 34 Class 220 Voyager trains, numbered 220 001–220 034.

Class	Operator	Number	Year Built	Cars per Set	Unit Numbers.
Class 220	CrossCountry	34	2000–2001	4	220 001–220 034

Virgin Trains named all the Class 220 Voyagers after places that they serve or companies that have relations with Virgin Trains.

220 001	Somerset Voyager (previously Maiden Voyager)	220 018	Dorset Voyager (previously Central News)
220 002	Forth Voyager	220 019	Mersey Voyager
220 003	Solent Voyager	220 020	Wessex Voyager
220 004	Cumbrian Voyager (previously New Dawn)	220 021	Staffordshire Voyager (previously Blackpool Voyager)
220 005	Guildford Voyager	220 022	Brighton Voyager
220 006	Clyde Voyager	220 023	Mancunian Voyager
220 007	Thames Voyager	220 024	Sheffield Voyager
220 008	Welsh Dragon	220 025	Severn Voyager (previously Virgin Voyager)
220 009	Gatwick Voyager	220 026	Stagecoach Voyager
220 010	Ribble Voyager	220 027	Avon Voyager
220 011	Tyne Voyager	220 028	Black Country Voyager
220 012	Lanarkshire Voyager	220 029	Cornish Voyager
220 013	South Wales Voyager	220 030	Devon Voyager
220 014	South Yorkshire Voyager	220 031	Tay Voyager
220 015	Solway Voyager	220 032	Grampian Voyager
220 016	Midland Voyager	220 033	Fife Voyager
220 017	Bombardier Voyager	220 034	Yorkshire Voyager

When the Class 220s were transferred to the new operator CrossCountry, all the names were removed. All Class 220 Voyagers are now in CrossCountry livery.

See also

• List of high speed trains

External links

• Diesel Electric Multiple Unit, Class 220 “Voyager” - United Kingdom Bombardier Class 220 page
• Testing the Class 220s