Brouwer Route
The Brouwer Route was a route for ships sailing from the Cape of Good Hope to the Dutch East Indies base of Java. The route took ships south from the Cape (which is at 34° latitude south) into the Roaring Forties (at 40-50° latitude south), then east across the Indian Ocean, before turning northwest for Java. Thus it took advantage of the strong westerly winds for which the Roaring Forties are named, greatly increasing travel speed.[1] The problem with the route, however, was that there was no accurate way at the time to determine longitude.[2] The sighting of either Amsterdam Island or Saint Paul Island was the cue for ships to change direction and head north.[3] However this was reliant on the captain's expertise.
The route was devised by the Dutch sea explorer Hendrik Brouwer in 1611, and found to halve the duration of the journey from Europe to Java, compared to the previous Arab and Portuguese monsoon route, which involved following the coast of East Africa northwards, sailing through the Mozambique Channel and then across the Indian Ocean, sometimes via India. By 1616 the Brouwer Route was compulsory for sailors of the Dutch East India Company (VOC).[2]
The English trialled the route in 1621, which they called the Southern route, and initially thought it a great success, but the second English ship to use the route, the Tryall, incorrectly judged the longitude, sailed too far east before turning north, and was wrecked on the Tryal Rocks off the coast of Australia in May 1622. The English then avoided the route for the next two decades.
The Brouwer Route played a major role in the discovery of the west coast of Australia, and the very large numbers of ships that were wrecked along that coast, including Tryall (1622) with a loss of 93 lives, Batavia (1629), Vergulde Draeck (1656), Zuytdorp (1712) and Zeewijk (1727). In 1696, Willem de Vlamingh explored the Australian coast while looking for survivors of the Ridderschap van Holland which disappeared in 1694 with its 300 crew and two passengers.
See also
References
- ↑ The Seynbrief, Sailing Toward Destiny, national library of Australia.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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Readings
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