Buckler

For other uses, see Buckler (disambiguation).

Buckler front and back

File:38-svaghi, lotta, Taccuino Sanitatis, Casanatense 4182..jpg

Sword and buckler combat, plate from the Tacuinum Sanitatis illustrated in Lombardy, ca. 1390.

Irish round shield

A buckler (French bouclier 'shield', from Old French bocle, boucle 'boss') is a small shield, up to 45 cm (up to 18 in) in diameter, gripped in the fist with a central handle behind the boss. While being used in Europe since antiquity, it became more common as a companion weapon in hand-to-hand combat during the Medieval and Renaissance periods. Its size made it poor protection against missile weapons (e.g., arrows) but useful in deflecting the blow of an opponent's weapons, binding his arms or hindering his movements.

MS I.33, considered the earliest extant armed-combat manual, (around 1300) contains an early description of a system of combat with buckler and sword.

Typology

According to the typology of Schmidt, there are three main types of buckler regarding their shape:

• Type I: round
• Type II: rectangular or trapezoid
• Type III: oval or teardrop-shaped

These types are combined with the cross sections:

• Type a: flat
• Type b: concave
• Type c: convex
• Type d: wavelike

These apply also if the cross section is only apparent on one axis.

The typology consists of the combination of these two characteristics. A Type Ia would be a round, flat buckler, whereas a Type IId would be a rectangular, wavelike buckler typical of Italy in the 16th century.

Uses

The buckler was more widely used than is commonly known. It was a simple yet effective weapon, often combined with an arming sword, falchion, or rapier. It was popular circa 1100 to 1600. The buckler had a variety of roles when it came to swordplay, but five principal means come to the fore as described in MS I.33. Each use recognizes the shield's small size and maneuverability when dealing with light blades.

• Hand protection: The primary use of the buckler was to protect the sword hand.
• "Floating armor": Another significant use of the buckler was to hold it facing the opponent with the arm outstretched, when not actively using it for something else. This restricts the areas open to attack by the opponent by closing the line of attack between the opponent's sword and most of wielder's torso and sword arm.
• Deflector: The buckler's lightness and curved center made it excellent for deflecting attacking blades.
• Blinder: The light blades used in conjunction with the buckler depended on rapid movements, which meant that a single second was an important advantage. The wielder of the buckler could use the buckler to shield his sword-hand's position from view, keeping his opponent from guessing his next strike.
• "Metal fist": A buckler could be used to directly attack an opponent by punching with either its flat face or its rim.
• Binder: The buckler could be used to bind an opponent's sword hand and weapon as well as their buckler against their body. The buckler was also very useful in grappling, where it allowed an opponent's arms to be easily wrapped up and controlled.

Decoration

In classical antiquity, bucklers on medals were either used to signify public vows rendered to the gods for the safety of a prince, or that he was esteemed the defender and protector of his people: these were called votive bucklers, and were hung at altars, etc.

See also

• Adarga
• Lantern shield
• Rodeleros (lit., "shield bearers", also known as "sword and buckler men")
• Swashbuckler
• Targe
• Buckler (surname)
• Parikaoba (ru:Парикаоба) — traditional Caucasian fencing with shashka and buckler

External links

External images
Buckler(small version, 15th Century Style)
Bucklers in training

• The Buckler