CSL Limited

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CSL Limited
Public
Traded as ASX: CSL
Industry Biotechnology
Founded 1916 (Federal government department), 1994 (privatised)
Headquarters Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria
Key people
 Paul Perreault (CEO)
Products blood plasma, vaccines, antivenom, other laboratory and medical products
Revenue Increase USD$5.000 billion (2013) [1]
Increase USD$1,216 million (2013) [1]
Website www.csl.com.au

CSL Limited is a global specialty biotechnology company that researches, develops, manufactures and markets products to treat and prevent serious human medical conditions. CSL's product areas include blood plasma derivatives, vaccines, antivenom, and cell culture reagents used in various medical and genetic research and manufacturing applications.[2]

History

Founded in 1916 the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories, an Australian government body focused on vaccine manufacture. Under the first director, Australian-born William Penfold, CSL commenced operation in the vacant Walter and Eliza Hall Institute building at the Melbourne Hospital in 1918, before moving to its purpose-built Parkville premises in the following year. After ongoing disputes with the Commonwealth Department of Health and its director, (John) Howard Cumpston, Penfold resigned in 1927 and was replaced by Frederic Morgan. Soon after Morgan's appointment, CSL was drawn into a serious public health disaster when a batch of its diphtheria toxin-antitoxin was implicated in the deaths of 12 children in what became known as the 'Bundaberg tragedy' of 1928. Although CSL's manufacturing processes were absolved, its labelling procedures were seen to be in error, leading to an enduring focus on the highest standards across the facility's production. In 1928 CSL also became involved in antivenene (antivenom) manufacture in conjunction with the snake venom research undertaken by Charles Kellaway at the Hall Institute. This led to the successful clinical testing of antivenene against tiger snake Notechis scutatus bite in 1930, and its commercial release in 1931. In 1934 the research on snake venoms was transferred from the Hall Institute to CSL under the direction of former snake showman, Tom 'Pambo' Eades. This represented the initiation of research at the Laboratories – an outcome its directors had been seeking for over a decade. The relationship with the Hall Institute continued until World War II, particularly via joint projects on viral diseases including polio and influenza coordinated by Frank Macfarlane Burnet and Esmond 'Bill' Keogh. Keogh played an important role in the establishment of penicillin production at CSL in 1944 – a critical wartime achievement.

The operation commenced plasma fractionation in 1952. Thereafter the range of antivenoms increased, including those against other snake species such as death adder (Acanthophis antarcticus) and the taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus), plus spiders including the redback (Latrodectus hasselti) and – after much difficulty – the Sydney funnel-web (Atrax robustus). Much of this work, including the introduction in 1962 of a polyvalent antivenom against all of the major terrestrial Australian snakes, occurred under the direction of Saul Wiener, while from 1966 until the mid-1990s, venom research was coordinated by the eccentric but dedicated Struan Sutherland.

This former Commonwealth facility was privatised as CSL Ltd in 1994. In 2000 CSL doubled its size through the purchase of a Swiss plasma company, the Bern-based ZLB Bioplasma AG. In 2004, during a period of plasma oversupply, the company expanded again with the purchase of the German medical company Aventis Behring. The company was the 2nd Australian public company to have reached a share price of over $100 per share.

In 2011, the company received the Minister's Award for Outstanding Equal Employment Opportunities Initiative for their Thinking Kids Children's Centre

In October 2014, Novartis announced its intention to sell its influenza vaccine business (inclusive of its development pipeline), subject to regulatory approval, to CSL for $275 million. CSL would merge the acquisition into its bioCSL operation.[3] On the 9th of November 2015 BioCSL rebranded the combined business with Novartis Influenza Vaccines as Seqirus [Sek-eer-us] [4] creating the worlds 2nd largest Influenza Vaccine company

Locations

The company's headquarters remain in Parkville, Victoria, an inner suburb of Melbourne. CSL Behring is headquartered in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania and has manufacturing operations in the Swiss city of Bern, in Marburg in Germany, and Kankakee, Illinois.

Ownership

CSL is a public company whose stock is traded on the Australian Securities Exchange under the stock code CSL. The company completed an Initial Public Offering in June 1994 at A$2.30 per share. Today CSL stock is part of the S&P/ASX 50 Index.

Vaccine for A/H1N1 2009 Pandemic

CSL's vaccine for Swine Flu was approved in September 2009 for use in Australia by people aged 10 and over.[5] The federal government ordered 21 million doses of vaccine for 2009 A/H1N1 of which 8 million were manufactured by CSL. The Australian government intends to use the CSL Vaccine in one of the largest national vaccine programs in the country's history.

Products

CSL Limited's products can be separated by company division.

Some of the key products produced by each division, have included:

bioCSL

Vaccines:

Antivenoms:

Pharmaceuticals:

CSL Behring (Australia)

CSL Behring

Immunology:

Coagulation/Bleeding Disorders:

Pulmonary:

  • Zemaira, freeze-dried Human Alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (A1-PI)

Critical Care:

  • Beriplex P/N, freeze-dried human prothrombin complex concentrate
  • Haemocomplettan P, RiaSTAP™, freeze-dried human fibrinogen (factor I) concentrate
  • Kybernin P, freeze-dried human antithrombin III concentrate
  • AlbuRx, Alburex, Human Albumin Behring, Albuminar 25, human albumin solution (5%, 20% or 25% human albumin solutions)
  • Berinert P, freeze-dried human C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) concentrate
  • Streptase, freeze-dried streptokinase

Wound Healing:

(Note: Product availability varies from country to country, depending on registration status.)

[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/novartis-selling-flu-vaccine-business-to-csl-for-275m/81250520/
  4. ↑ http://www.csl.com.au/Seqirus.htm
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ http://cslbehring.com/docs/555/221/Global%20Product%20Portfolio_03.11.10.pdf

Notes

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  • AH Brogan, Committed to Saving Lives: a History of the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories (Melbourne: Hyland House, 1990).
  • Dando McCredie, The Fight Against Disease and CSL's Seventy Year Contribution (Richmond: Dando McCredie, c.1986).
  • FG Morgan, 'The Commonwealth Serum Laboratories and their work', Collected Proceedings of the Society of Chemical Industry of Victoria, XXXV (1935), 1015–31.
  • WJ Penfold, 'The Commonwealth Serum Laboratories', Medical Journal of Australia, 1 (14 April 1923), 396–400.
  • Struan K Sutherland, A Venomous Life: the Autobiography of Professor Struan Sutherland (Melbourne: Hyland House, 1998).
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