Canton of Schaffhausen

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Kanton Schaffhausen
Canton of Switzerland
Coat of arms of Kanton Schaffhausen
Coat of arms
Map of Switzerland, location of Schaffhausen highlighted
Location in Switzerland
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Map of Schaffhausen

Karte Kanton Schaffhausen 2010.png
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Capital Schaffhausen
Subdivisions 27 municipalities
Government
 • Executive Regierungsrat (5)
 • Legislative Kantonsrat (80)
Area[1]
 • Total 298.42 km2 (115.22 sq mi)
Population (12/2014)[2]
 • Total 79,417
 • Density 270/km2 (690/sq mi)
ISO 3166 code CH-SH
Highest point 912 m (2,992 ft): Hoher Randen
Lowest point 344 m (1,129 ft): Rhine at Buchberg
Joined 1501
Languages German
Website SH.ch

The Canton of Schaffhausen (German: <phonos file="De-Schaffhausen.ogg">Schaffhausen</phonos>) is a canton of Switzerland. The principal city and capital of the canton is Schaffhausen.

History

Schaffhausen was a city-state in the Middle Ages, documented to have struck its own coins starting in 1045. It was then known as Villa Scafhusun.[3] Around 1049 Count Eberhard von Nellenburg founded a Benedictine monastery which led to the development of a community. This community achieved independence in 1190. In 1330 the town lost not only all its lands but also its independence to the Habsburgs. Then, in 1415 the Habsburg Duke Frederick IV of Austria sided with the Antipope John XXIII at the Council of Constance, and was banned by the Emperor Sigismund. As a result of the ban and Frederick's need of money, Schaffhausen was able to buy its independence from the Habsburgs in 1418. The city allied with six of the Swiss confederates in 1454 and allied with a further two (Uri and Unterwalden) in 1479. Schaffhausen became a full member of the Old Swiss Confederation in 1501.[3] The first railroad came to Schaffhausen in 1857. In 1944 Schaffhausen suffered from a bombing raid by United States Army Air Forces planes that accidentally strayed from Germany to neutral Switzerland.

The cantonal constitution was written in 1876 and revised in 1895.

The distinctive coat of arms bears the Schaffhauser Bock, (Billy Goat of Schaffhausen).

Geography

Countryside near Dörflingen

Schaffhausen is the northernmost canton of Switzerland and lieas almost entirely on the right bank of the Rhine, with only a small part of Stein am Rhein on the left bank. It lies west of Lake Constance and has a size of 298 km2 (115 sq mi).[4] Much of the canton is productive agricultural land, with 134.4 km2 (51.9 sq mi) (about 45%) of the canton used for agriculture while an additional 128.7 km2 (49.7 sq mi) (about 43%) is wooded. Most of the rest of the canton, 31.8 km2 (12.3 sq mi) (about 10%), is developed while only 3.8 km2 (1.5 sq mi) (1.3%) of the canton is unproductive (rivers, lakes or mountains).[5]

The canton's territory is divided into three segments where German territory reaches the Rhine. The large central part, which includes the capital Schaffhausen, in turn separates the German exclave of Büsingen am Hochrhein from the rest of Germany. The small district of Rüdlingen-Buchberg lies to the southwest, and the third part contains Ramsen and Stein am Rhein to the east. With the exception Vor der Brugg, part of Stein am Rhein, all three segments are separated from the rest of Switzerland by the Rhine.

The Canton of Schaffhausen is bordered by the Swiss Cantons of Zurich and Thurgau, as well as the German Districts of Waldshut, Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis and Konstanz.

Most of the canton lies on a plateau dominated by the Hoher Randen. The summit of this mountain is 912 m (2,992 ft). The slopes of the mountain are gentle towards the south where it reaches the Rhine valley. Short and narrow valleys intersect these gentle slopes. The Klettgau is one such valley.

The Rhine Falls are the largest waterfalls in Europe and lie on the border of the canton of Schaffhausen and the canton of Zurich.

Municipalities

Municipalities in the Canton

There are 27 municipalities in the canton as of January 2009.[6]

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Demographics

The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2014) is 79,417.[2] As of 2007, the population included 16,323 foreigners, or about 21.9% of the total population.[7] The German language and Protestant faith predominate. The majority of the population (as of 2000) is Protestant (50%) while a large minority is Roman Catholic (24%).[8]

Year 1850 1880 1900 1950 1970 2000
Population 35 300 38 241 41 514 57 515 72 854 73 392
Language
German   38 117 40 290 55 257 61 518 64 323
Italian   39 886 1 490 6 682 1 897
French   149 264 529 553 370
Romansch   4 16 101 139 80
Other   39 58 138 3 962 6 722
Religion
Protestant 33 880 33 897 34 046 44 408 46 772 37 025
Catholic 1 411 4 154 7 403 12 431 23 277 17 790
Chr. Catholic       275 192 83
Other 9 297 65 401 2 613 18 494
Nationality
Swiss 33 938 33 963 33 860 53 950 58 907 58 290
Other 1 362 4 278 7 654 3 565 13 947 15 102

[9]

Economy

Schaffhausen is a part of the Zürcher Wirtschaftsraum (Zurich economic region) and the canton's economy is well integrated with that of the wider region.

Well-regarded white Riesling wine is grown here as well as several other varieties.[10] The main industries, however, are the production of machinery and metal goods. There is also watch making and jewellery. Minor industrial branches are textiles, leather goods, glass, cement, paper and chemicals.[11] There is a brewery in the canton.

At Rheinau there is a hydro electrical power plant generating electricity for the canton and for export. Major electricity customers are the chemical industry in Rheinfelden and the aluminium plant at Neuhausen am Rheinfall. The city of Schaffhausen also uses much of the electricity produced at Rheinau.

Schaffhausen lies on the busy Milan-Zurich-Stuttgart rail line which is serviced by trains from both the Swiss Federal Railways and German Railways.[12]

The largest companies are Tyco International, Tyco Electronics, SIG, Georg Fischer AG, International Watch Company and Cilag AG.

Notes and references

  1. Arealstatistik Standard - Kantonsdaten nach 4 Hauptbereichen
  2. 2.0 2.1 Swiss Federal Statistics Office – STAT-TAB Ständige und Nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Region, Geschlecht, Nationalität und Alter (German) accessed 31 August 2015
  3. 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. Canton Schaffhausen website, Geography (German). Retrieved 18 April 2009
  5. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.(German)
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  8. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D7388.php
  10. Canton Schaffhausen website, Wine Production (German). Retrieved 18 April 2009
  11. Canton Schaffhausen website- Economic Promotion. Retrieved 18 April 2009
  12. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links