Capital punishment in the District of Columbia
Capital punishment in the District of Columbia is forbidden by law. However, a number of executions were carried out under the District's jurisdiction before abolition. These executions should be distinguished from cases such as the 1942 execution of the six Nazi saboteurs which took place in the District, but under the jurisdiction of the Federal Government.[1]
History
Before 1973, the District of Columbia was exclusively governed by the United States Congress, which included establishing all local laws. Until 1962, D.C. was the last jurisdiction in the United States with mandatory death sentences for first-degree murder (the last state with mandatory death sentences for first degree murder was Vermont). Mandatory death sentences were abolished by the HR5143 (PL87-423), signed into law by President John F. Kennedy on March 22, 1962.[2] Rape was also a capital offense.[3]
The D.C. capital punishment law was nullified by the United States Supreme Court decision in Furman v. Georgia in 1972 and formally repealed by the D.C. Council in 1981. In the 1992 Congress-ordered referendum, District residents voted by 2–1 margin against the death penalty. In 1997, Mayor Marion Barry proposed a bill allowing capital punishment for the murder of public safety employees, which was rejected by the Council's Judiciary Committee.[4]
The first recorded execution in Washington, was the hanging of James McGirk in 1802. The last execution under the authority of the District took place in 1957, when Robert Carter was put to death by electric chair.
Hanging was the method of execution that had been used in the District until 1928, when it was replaced by the electric chair, last used in 1957.[5]
The President of the United States has sole pardoning power in the District.
See also
- Capital punishment in the United States
- District of Columbia home rule
- Capital punishment debate in the United States
- List of most recent executions by jurisdiction
- List of wrongful convictions in the United States
- List of exonerated death row inmates
- List of United States death row inmates
References
- ↑ http://www.bop.gov/about/history/execchart.jsp
- ↑ http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Ready-Reference/Legislative-Summary-Main-Page/Legislative-Summary/District-of-Columbia.aspx
- ↑ http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/ESPYstate.pdf
- ↑ http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/district-columbia
- ↑ http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/ESPYstate.pdf
