Casomorphin

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Bovine β-casomorphin 7, a casomorphin, has seven amino acids in its peptide sequence.

Casomorphins are peptides, i.e., protein fragments, derived from the digestion of milk protein casein.[1]

Health

Digestive enzymes can break casein down into peptides that have some biological activity in cells and in laboratory animals though conclusive causal effects on humans have not been established.[1] Although they have not yet been proven to be formed in the human digestive system,[2] there are associations between serum levels of β -casomorphins and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome,[3] histamine release,[4] stimulation of food intake, specifically high-fat foods,[5] and lymphocytosis.[6]


Although research has shown high rates of use of complementary and alternative therapies for children with autism, including gluten and/or casein exclusion diets, as of 2008 there was a lack of evidence that these diets had any effect.[7]

Some known casomorphins

β-Casomorphin 1-3

  • Structure: H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-OH
  • Chemical formula: C23H27N3O5
  • Molecular weight: 425.48 g/mo

Bovine β-casomorphin 1-4

  • Structure: H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-OH
  • Chemical formula: C28H35N4O6
  • Molecular weight: 522.61 g/mol

Bovine β-casomorphin 1-4, amide

  • Structure: H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-NH2
  • Chemical formula: C28H35N5O5
  • Molecular weight: 521.6 g/mol

Also known as morphiceptin

Bovine β-casomorphin 5

  • Structure: H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly-OH
  • Chemical formula: C30H37N5O7
  • Molecular weight: 594.66 g/mol

Bovine β-casomorphin 7

  • Structure: H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro-Ile-OH
  • Chemical formula: C41H55N7O9
  • Molecular weight: 789.9 g/mol

Bovine β-casomorphin 8

  • Structure: H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro-Ile-Pro-OH
  • Chemical formula: C46H62N8O10
  • Molecular weight: 887.00 g/mol

(Note: There is also a form of bovine β-Casomorphin 8 that has histidine instead of proline in position 8, depending on whether it is derived from A1 or A2 beta-casein.)

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 European Food Safety Authority. 1 February 2009 Review of the potential health impact of β -casomorphins and related peptides
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