Charter Oak Bridge

Charter Oak Bridge
Coordinates
Carries	US 5 / Route 15
Crosses	Connecticut River
Locale	Hartford, Connecticut
Official name	Charter Oak Bridge
Maintained by	Connecticut Department of Transportation [1]
Characteristics
Design	Stringer/multibeam or girder
Total length	3372.0 ft (1027.8 m)
Width	47.9 ft (14.6 m)
Clearance below	69 ft (21 m)
History
Opened	1991
Charter Oak Bridge Location in Connecticut

The Charter Oak Bridge is one of the three highway bridges over the Connecticut River in Hartford, Connecticut. The twin steel stringer bridge carries (Route 15/U.S. Route 5) over the river, connecting downtown Hartford with East Hartford.

Named for Connecticut's famed Charter Oak, the original crossing opened as toll bridge in the early 1940s, allowing through traffic to pass south of downtown Hartford. It was replaced by the current bridge in 1991, which is free to motorists. The Charter Oak Bridge has an average daily traffic of 79,800.^[2]

History

The first motor vehicle bridge across the Connecticut River at Hartford was the Bulkeley Bridge, which opened in 1908. In 1929 the Connecticut General Assembly passed an act creating a commission to study the need for a second bridge. The outcome was a proposed new bridge from Main and Pitkin Streets in East Hartford to Wyllys Street at Wethersfield Avenue in Hartford. In 1931 the commission hired a design consultant. The new design was an 800 feet (240 m) suspension span, with the eastern end shifted south to Main Street and Silver Lane. The project went to bid in 1933 and would cost $4.4 million. However, the Great Depression struck, banks were closed, and nothing further was done with the bridge until the decade was nearly over.

With the opening of the Merritt Parkway in 1940 and the construction of the Wilbur Cross Highway underway, the General Assembly authorized a new bridge commission, this time for a toll bridge that would carry the area's first expressways across the Connecticut River. The commission studied several sites and arrived at a Silver Lane to Wawarme Avenue alignment. In late 1940, construction began.

On Dec. 4, 1941, disaster struck, when a 222 feet (70 m) section of the Charter Oak Bridge fell into the Connecticut River during construction. Sixteen men fell to their deaths in the icy river, and 606 tons of steel, including a 176-ton derrick, plummeted into the water. One body was never recovered. Sixteen other men were rescued by the Hartford fire department.

Engineers later determined that the bridge section, erected over the water from the Hartford side, fell as a result of movement in the falsework, the temporary steel and wood structure used to support the bridge girders until enough had been erected to reach the next pier. The temporary support structure moved as a result of a shift in the unstable varved clay under the river. Despite the disaster, the bridge's builder, the American Bridge Company, ordered new steel the same day the bridge fell, and it was completed on time.

The four-lane Charter Oak Bridge and approach highways opened to traffic on September 5, 1942. Tolls were collected in both directions at a plaza in East Hartford. When the 3,016 feet (920 m) bridge opened, it was the longest continuous plate girder bridge in the country.

In 1948, the designation of state Route 15 was changed, to include a continuous planned expressway, complete in many places, from Greenwich to Union. This included the Merritt Parkway, the Berlin Turnpike, and the Charter Oak Bridge, forming at the time Connecticut's most advanced, prominent highway. The bridge carries US 5 to this day along with Route 15, but also carried U.S. Route 6) from 1943 to 1970.

A New Bridge

As traffic increased and the planned beltways I-291 and I-491) were reduced in scope or cancelled entirely, the state paid particular attention to the overworked I-84/I-91 interchange and surrounding highways. What eventually came out of this was added responsibility for the Charter Oak Bridge; it would take over the 84/91 connections previously served by the Founders Bridge and two tight ramps to I-91. At the same time, the Charter Oak was showing its age, both in materials and roadway design.

After considering alternatives such as widening or adding a parallel span, the state decided to build a new bridge immediately to the south, and dismantle the old one. Work began in 1988 and the new bridge, free of tolls, opened to traffic on Aug. 8, 1991, at a cost of $204 million.

The new 3,400 feet (1,040 m) plate-girder bridge has several spans measuring 215 feet (70 m) in length, and has a vertical clearance of 69 feet (20 m) above the Connecticut River. It includes six lanes, two shoulders and a protected pedestrian walkway on its north side.

Approach Improvement Project

In June of 2015, Connecticut governor Dannel Malloy announced the approval of a five-year, $200 million construction project to upgrade the interchange between CT-15 and I-91 at the west end of the bridge, which suffers from several problems, including its weaving roadbeds and narrow/incomplete access ramps.

There are currently two very narrow, single-lane ramps between CT-15 and I-91, which can cause traffic bottlenecks extending over a mile south on I-91 due to long lines of drivers trying to merge between CT-15 and I-91. These ramps will be replaced with wider, two-lane ramps that will reduce bottlenecks along I-91 northbound and CT-15 southbound.

The state will also add additional access ramps to I-91 northbound from CT-15, and CT-15 westbound from I-91, and widen the CT-15 expressway west of the Charter Oak Bridge from four lanes to six.

This will effectively improve connections between I-91 and I-84 as a bypass of downtown Hartford.

See also

• List of crossings of the Connecticut River