Chiayi

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"Chiayi, Taiwan" redirects here. For the county, see Chiayi County.
Chiayi
嘉義市
Provincial city
Clockwise from top left:View of night in Chiayi, Chiayi Confucius Temple, Fountain at the Lantan Reservoir, Chiayi City Sports Arena, Chiayi Sun Shooting Tower, Chiayi National University
Clockwise from top left:View of night in Chiayi, Chiayi Confucius Temple, Fountain at the Lantan Reservoir, Chiayi City Sports Arena, Chiayi Sun Shooting Tower, Chiayi National University
Flag of Chiayi
Flag		 Official seal of Chiayi
Seal
Nickname(s): Peach City (桃城) or Jia City (嘉市)
Location of Chiayi
Country Taiwan
Region Southwestern Taiwan
Capital East District
Government
 • Mayor Twu Shiing-jer (DPP)
 • Deputy Mayor Hou Chong-wen[1]
Area(Ranked 24 of 25)
 • Total 60.0256 km2 (23.1760 sq mi)
Elevation 69 m (226 ft)
Population (December 2014)
 • Total 270,883
 • Density 4,500/km2 (12,000/sq mi)
  Population ranked 21 of 25
Time zone National Standard Time (UTC+8)
Postal code 600
Area code(s) (+886) 05
Districts 2
Flower Hong Kong orchid tree
(Bauhinia blakeana)
Tree Hong Kong orchid tree
Website www.chiayi.gov.tw
Chiayi
Traditional Chinese 嘉義市
Simplified Chinese 嘉义市

Chiayi (also romanized as Jiayi), officially known as Chiayi City (Chinese: 嘉義市), is a provincial city located in the plains of southwestern Taiwan. Formerly called Kagee during the late Qing Dynasty and Kagi during the Japanese era (all using the same characters 嘉義), its historical name is Tirosen.

History

First inhabited by the Hoanya aborigines, the region was named Tirosen. With the arrival of Han Chinese immigrants in southwestern Taiwan, the name evolved to become Tsulosan (諸羅山; pinyin: Zhūluóshān; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chu-lô-san) in Hokkien. Eventually, Tsulosan was shortened to simply Tsulo. Because of the choice of the characters, it has been mistakenly suggested that the origin of the name came from the expression "mountains surrounding the east." "Peach City" is another name for Chiayi City due to its peach-shaped territory in ancient times. The tip of the peach is around Central Fountain and was called "Peach-tip" by citizens.

Tsulosan was once the foothold to which people from the mainland immigrated. In 1621, "Chinese Peter" (顏思齊), who came from Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, first led his people to cultivate this land after they landed at Penkang (笨港, Peikang).

Dutch Formosa

Records from the Dutch era show Tirosen as the usual form of the name; it also occurred as Tirassen, Tirozen, Tilocen, Tilossen, Tilocen, and Thilocen.[2] The place was north of Mattau (modern-day Madou, Tainan) and south of Favorlang (Huwei, Yunlin).

Kingdom of Tungning

In 1661 (the 15th year of Yung-Li, Ming Dynasty), Koxinga defeated the Dutch based in Taiwan and founded the Kingdom of Tungning. He established one province, Cheng-Tien-Fu (承天府), and two counties, Tien-Hsing (天興縣) and Wan-Nien (萬年縣), demarcated by the Hsin-Kang River (新港溪, now the Yanshui River). Chiayi was under the jurisdiction of the Tien-Hsing County.

Qing Dynasty

In 1683, when Qing rule began, the island was governed as Taiwan Prefecture under the administration of Fujian Province. In 1684, Tsulo County was established and initially encompassed the underdeveloped northern two-thirds of Taiwan. (Taiwan and Hongsoa counties were divided from Wan-Nien County during the Kingdom of Tungning, which was changed from Tien-Hsing County.) In 1704, the county seat was moved to Tsulosan, the site of modern-day Chiayi City, and had wooden city walls.

In 1727, the county magistrate, Liu Liang-Bi rebuilt the gatehouses and set a gun platform for each gatehouse. The four gatehouses were named: "Chin Shan" (襟山) for East, "Tai Hai" (帶海) for West, "Chung Yang" (崇陽) for South, and "Kung Chen" (拱辰) for North. In 1734 (the 12th year of Yongzheng), magistrate Lu-Hung built piercing-bamboo to better protect the city.

In 1786, Lin Shuang-Wen (林爽文) attempted to siege Tsulosan but failed to overcome the defense of the inhabitants. Consequently, on November 3 of the next year, the Qing Emperor conferred the name Kagee (嘉義; literally: "commended righteousness") to praise the citizens' loyalty.

In 1887, a separate Taiwan Province was declared and the island was administratively divided into four prefectures; the city of Kagi belonged to Tainan Prefecture.

Empire of Japan

Chiayi City under Japanese rule

In 1895, Taiwan was ceded to Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki. In 1906, a major earthquake devastated the entire city wall except the Eastern Gate. The Japanese authorities reconstructed the city. Industries and trades started to flourish. According to the census taken in 1904, Kagi was the fourth most populous city in Taiwan, with a population of over twenty thousand.[3] In 1907, the construction of Alishan Forest Railway to Mount Ali was begun. In 1920, the city became an autonomous group as Kagi Town (嘉義街), Kagi District (嘉義郡), within Tainan Prefecture, which included modern day Tainan City, Chiayi County and Yunlin County. In 1930, the town was upgraded to an autonomous city under the same prefecture.

Republic of China

In 1945, when Japan relinquished control of Taiwan on 25 October 1945, Chiayi City was established as a provincial city of Taiwan Province. On 16 August 1950, because of the re-allocation of administrative areas in which Taiwan was divided into 16 counties, five provincial cities and a special bureau, Chiayi City was downgraded to a county-controlled city and merged with Chiayi County to be the county seat. As a result, a shortage of capital hindered its development. On 1 July 1982, Chiayi City was elevated again to a provincial city as a result of pressure from local elites. On 6 October 1990, the East District and West District were established.[4]

Geography

Chiayi City is located on the north side of Chianan Plain, south west of Taiwan Island. On the east side is the Mount Ali, on the west side is the Chiayi Airport, on the north side is the Puzi River and on the south side is the Bazhang River. The distance from east to west of Chiayi City is 15.8 km and from north to south is 10.5 km with a total area of 60.0256 km2. Chiayi City is completely surrounded by Chiayi County. Most of Chiayi City land are broad flat fertility plains. The terrain slowly rises from west to east.

Climate

Chiayi City has a warm, monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa). Northeasterly winds during fall and winter mean that rainfall is depressed during that time, while southwesterly winds during summer and the later portion of spring bring most of the year's rainfall, with more than 60% falling from June to August. Humidity is high year-round, even during winter.

Climate data for Chiayi (1971–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 22.1
(71.8)		 22.4
(72.3)		 24.8
(76.6)		 27.8
(82)		 30.5
(86.9)		 32.3
(90.1)		 33.1
(91.6)		 32.6
(90.7)		 31.6
(88.9)		 29.8
(85.6)		 27.1
(80.8)		 23.9
(75)		 28.17
(82.69)
Daily mean °C (°F) 16.5
(61.7)		 17.3
(63.1)		 19.7
(67.5)		 23.0
(73.4)		 25.8
(78.4)		 27.8
(82)		 28.6
(83.5)		 28.2
(82.8)		 27.0
(80.6)		 24.5
(76.1)		 21.3
(70.3)		 17.7
(63.9)		 23.12
(73.61)
Average low °C (°F) 12.5
(54.5)		 13.8
(56.8)		 15.9
(60.6)		 19.2
(66.6)		 22.1
(71.8)		 24.3
(75.7)		 25.2
(77.4)		 24.9
(76.8)		 23.7
(74.7)		 20.9
(69.6)		 17.3
(63.1)		 13.2
(55.8)		 19.42
(66.95)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 27.6
(1.087)		 57.7
(2.272)		 62.2
(2.449)		 107.6
(4.236)		 189.2
(7.449)		 350.7
(13.807)		 304.3
(11.98)		 422.1
(16.618)		 148.9
(5.862)		 22.7
(0.894)		 12.2
(0.48)		 20.9
(0.823)		 1,726.1
(67.957)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) 5.4 7.0 7.4 8.4 11.1 14.4 14.9 18.1 9.8 3.6 3.0 3.7 106.8
Average relative humidity (%) 81.8 83.1 83.7 84.1 84.5 82.0 80.4 83.6 84.7 84.1 81.4 80.3 82.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 153.2 121.8 143.0 150.3 156.8 176.9 208.6 184.1 186.9 174.0 151.7 158.7 1,966
Source: [5]

Government

Chiayi City Government

Chiayi City is a provincial city of Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. The city is governed by the Chiayi City Government, while the residence is represented in the Chiayi City Council. The current Mayor of Chiayi City is Twu Shiing-jer of the Democratic Progressive Party.

Administrative divisions

Chiayi City is divided into two districts. East District is the city seat which houses the Chiayi City Government.

District Population Land area
Districts of Chiayi-Taiwan.png as of 2014 km²
■ East 東區 123,370 29.1195
■ West 西區 147,513 30.9061

Education

National Chiayi University

Energy

Green energy

On 17 December, Chiayi City Government launched a program to set up solar panels at schools and offices in the city to reduce green house gases. The program is expected to produce 3.55 million kWh of electricity annually and to help reducing carbon emission by 1,700 tonnes.[6]

Tourist attractions

Chiayi Prison Museum
The spotted deer sculpture in the 228 National Memorial Park.

Chiayi is the city of wind music in Taiwan. The wind music festival started as a local event in 1988, when it was more like a joint performance by local wind music bands. Over the years the festival has become the most anticipated annual event in Chiayi.[8]

Notable natives

  • Chen Cheng-po (陳澄波) (1895-1947), Taiwan famous painter.
  • Sow-Hsin Chen (陳守信) (1935), American physicist, Professor.
  • Vincent Siew (蕭萬長) (1939), Taiwanese politician, Vice President of the Republic of China (2008 – 2012), Vice-Chairman of the Kuomintang.
  • Deng Feng-Zhou (鄧豐洲) (1949), Taiwanese poet, Local history writer, Nedan academics.
  • Huang Ming-hui (黃敏惠) (1959), former mayor of Chiayi City, vice chairperson of Kuomintang, a member of the Legislative Yuan (1999 and 2005).
  • Jody Chiang (江蕙) (1961), Taiwanese popular singer.
  • Lo Chen-Jung (羅振榮) (1961), Taiwanese left-handed baseball pitcher.
  • Wu Bai (伍佰) (1968), Taiwanese rock singer.

International relations

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Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Taiwan

Twin towns — sister cities

Chiayi is twinned with:

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Transportation

Chiayi Station

Rail

Chiayi City is accessible from Chiayi Station and Jiabei Station of the Taiwan Railways Administration or a slightly further THSR Chiayi Station in Chiayi County. It also houses the first station for the Alishan Forest Railway.

Road

The Chiayi Bus Rapid Transit serves Chiayi City with the neighboring Chiayi County.

Air

Chiayi City is served by Chiayi Airport located in the neighboring Chiayi County.

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://www.chiayi.gov.tw/2011web/en/index.aspx?mid=91&rid=90
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ http://www.chiayi.gov.tw/web/east/english/index-e.asp
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201512170020.aspx
  7. ↑ http://travel.chiayi.gov.tw/EN/spotsContent.aspx?id=2&chk=7cb53cb1-2ca0-4bbc-bc8d-dd57671a09d4
  8. ↑ "The sound of wind music: 2008 Chiayi City International Band Festival"by Eva Tang, 17 January 2009,Taiwan Culture Portal. http://www.culture.tw/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1080&Itemid=157

External links

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