Chouchi
Chouchi (Chinese: 仇池; pinyin: Chóuchí ) is a Chinese local regime of the Di ethnicity in modern-day Gansu Province during the Sixteen Kingdoms and Southern and Northern Dynasties.[1][2]
Contents
History
At the beginning of the 3rd century AD Yang Teng (楊騰), chieftain of the White Neck Di (白項氐), had occupied the southeast area of modern Gansu province, at the upper course of the Han River. His followers Yang Ju (楊駒) and Yang Qianwan (楊千萬) paid tribute to the emperors of the Cao-Wei Dynasty and were rewarded with the title of Prince (wáng 王).[3][4] Yang Feilong (楊飛龍) shifted the center of the Chouchi realm back to Lüeyang, where his successor Yang Maosou (楊茂捜) reigned as independent king at the beginning of the 4th century. The Chouchi troops often plundered territories in the Central Plains to the east and abducted people there, but on the other side the troops of Eastern Jin and Former Zhao deprived the Chouchi empire of her inhabitants. In 322 Yang Nandi (楊難敵) suffered a defeat against Former Zhao and was degraded to Prince of Wudu (武都王) and Duke of Chouchi (仇池公). The next years are characterized by numerous internal struggles among the Yang clan and several throne usurpations. The rulers were not seen as mere regional inspectors (cishi 刺史) or governors (taishou 太守) of their region under the government of Jin.
In 371 Fu Jiàn, ruler of Former Qin attacked Chouchi, captured the ruler Yang Cuan (楊篡) and ended the period of Former Chouchi.
Yang Ding (楊定), a great-grandson of Yang Maosou and grandson of Fu Jiàn, resurrected the Chouchi kingdom in 385 with the capital at Licheng (歷城). His younger brother Yang Sheng (楊盛) was able to conquer the region Liangzhou (梁州) at the upper course of the Han River, and declared himself governor for the Jin Dynasty. Efforts to occupy the territory of modern Sichuan failed, but Chouchi controlled a great part of the modern provinces Gansu (east) and Shaanxi (south).
After 443 the lords of Chouchi were only puppet rulers controlled by the Northern Wei. Historians talk of the five realms of Chouchi (Chouchi wuguo 仇池五國): Former and Later Chouchi (Qianchouchi 前仇池, Houchouchi 後仇池), Yinping 陰平, Wudu 武都, and Wuxing 武興.[5] [6]
Rulers
| Posthumous Names | Common names in Chinese characters | Durations of reigns or in office | Era names |
|---|---|---|---|
| First Phase of Chouchi (late 2nd century-371) | |||
| 楊騰 yang2 teng2 | late 184 - 210 | ||
| 楊駒 yang2 ju1 | 210 - 230 | ||
| 楊千萬 yang2 qian1wan4 | 230 - 263 | ||
| 楊飛龍 yang2 fei1long2 | 263 - 296 | ||
| 楊茂搜 yang2 mao4sou1 | 296 - 317 | ||
| 楊難敵 yang2 nan2di2 | 317-334 | ||
| 楊毅 yang2 yi4 | 334-337 | ||
| 楊初 yang2 chu1 | 337-355 | ||
| 楊國 yang2 guo2 | 355-356 | ||
| 楊俊 yang2 jun4 | 356-360 | ||
| 楊世 yang2 shi4 | 360-370 | ||
| 楊篡 yang2 cuan4 | 370-371 | ||
| Second Phase of Chouchi 385-473 | |||
| 武王 wu3 wang2 | 楊定 yang2 ding4 | 385-394 | |
| 惠文王 hui4 wen2 wang2 | 楊盛 yang2 sheng4 | 394-425 | |
| 孝昭王 xiao4 zhao1 wang2 | 楊玄 yang2 xuan2 | 425-429 | |
| 楊保宗 yang2 bao3zong1 | 429 and 443 | ||
| 楊難當 yang2 nan2dang1 | 429-441 | Jianyi (建義 jian4 yi4) 436-440 | |
| 楊保熾 yang2 bao3chi4 | 442-443 | ||
| 楊文德 yang2 wen2de2 | 443-454 | ||
| 楊元和 yang2 yuan2he2 | 455-466 | ||
| 楊僧嗣 yang2 seng1si4 | 466-473 | ||
| Kings of Wuxing 473-506 and 534-555 | |||
| 楊文度 yang2 wen2du4 | 473-477 | ||
| 楊文弘 yang2 wen2hong2 | 477-482 | ||
| 楊後起 yang2 hou4qi3 | 482-486 | ||
| An Wang (安王 an1 wang2) | 楊集始 yang2 ji2shi3 | 482-503 | |
| 楊紹先 yang2 shao4xian1 | 503-506, 534-535 | ||
| 楊智慧 yang2 zhi4hui4 | 535-545 | ||
| 楊辟邪 yang2 bi4xie2 | 545-553 | ||
| Note: Yang Zhi Hui and Yang Bi Xie could be the same person | |||
| Kings of Yinping 477- mid 6th century | |||
| 楊廣香 yang2 guang3xiang1 | 477-483? | ||
| 楊炯 yang2 jiong3 | 483-495 | ||
| 楊崇祖 yang2 chong2zu3 | 495-before 502 | ||
| 楊孟孫 yang2 meng4sun1 | before 502-511 | ||
| 楊定 yang2 ding4 | 511- ? | ||
