Christopher Cradock

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Christopher Cradock
Christopher Cradock.jpg
Christopher Cradock
Born 2 July 1862
Hartforth, Richmond, North Yorkshire
Died Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.
Coronel, Chile
Allegiance United Kingdom United Kingdom
Service/branch Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg Royal Navy
Years of service 1875–1914
Rank Rear-Admiral
Commands held HMS Andromeda
Battles/wars Boxer Rebellion
World War I
Awards Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
Companion of the Order of the Bath
Order of the Crown (Prussia)

Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher "Kit" George Francis Maurice Cradock, KCVO, CB, SGM (2 July 1862 – 1 November 1914) was a British officer of the Royal Navy. He earned a reputation for great gallantry.[1] He was killed during the Battle of Coronel, an engagement with the German navy off the coast of Chile in the early part of World War I.

Early life and career

Cradock was born at Hartforth, Richmond, North Yorkshire.[1] He entered the Royal Navy in 1875, and saw action in the Mediterranean, serving with distinction. On 1 February 1900 he was appointed in command of the cruiser HMS Alacrity,[2] which later that year was posted to China during the Boxer Rebellion. He commanded a mixture of British, German and Japanese sailors during the capture of the Taku forts, and was promoted captain in April 1901[3] and received the Prussian Order of the Crown with swords as a result.

On 24 March 1902 he was posted to HMS Andromeda at the Mediterranean Station, where he served as flag captain to Rear-Admiral Sir Baldwin Wake Walker.[4] Promoted to rear-admiral in 1910, he was involved in the sea rescue of the passengers and crew of the SS Delhi in December 1911. He was awarded the SGM and KCVO in 1912. In February 1913, he was given command of the North America and West Indies Station.[5] From at least 21 until 26 April 1914, Cradock was at Veracruz on HMS Essex during the United States occupation of Veracruz.[6][7]

Death at the Battle of Coronel

File:Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock.jpg
Monument to Sir Christopher Cradock in York Minster

With the start of the First World War, in August 1914, Cradock, commanding the 4th Squadron of the Royal Navy, was ordered to pursue and destroy Admiral Maximilian von Spee's fleet of commerce-raiding cruisers. Cradock's fleet was significantly weaker than Spee's, consisting of mainly elderly vessels manned by largely inexperienced crews.

Cradock found Spee's force off Chile and decided to engage it. In the resulting Battle of Coronel, Cradock's ships HMS Good Hope and HMS Monmouth were destroyed with the loss of all 1570 lives, including his own.

Departing from Port Stanley he had left behind a letter to be forwarded to Admiral Hedworth Meux in the event of his death. In this he commented that he did not intend to suffer the fate of Rear-Admiral Ernest Troubridge, who in August had been courtmartialled for failing to engage the enemy despite the odds being severely against him, during the pursuit of the German warships Goeben and Breslau.[8] The Governor of the Falklands and the Governor's aide both reported that Cradock had not expected to survive.[9][10]

A monument to Admiral Cradock was placed in York Minster. It is on the east side of the North Transept towards the Chapter House entrance. There is another monument to Cradock in Catherington churchyard, Hampshire. There is a monument and a stained glass window in Cradock's memory in his parish church at Gilling West.[11] Having no known grave, he is commemorated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission on Portsmouth Naval Memorial.[12]

There is a neighbourhood in Portsmouth, Virginia, named after him.

Personal life

Cradock never married, but kept a dog which accompanied him at sea. He commented that he would choose to die either during an accident while hunting (this was his favourite pastime), or during action at sea.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Paul G. Halpern, ‘Cradock, Sir Christopher George Francis Maurice (1862–1914)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2011 [1], accessed 13 May 2011.
  2. ↑ "Naval & Military intelligence" The Times (London). Wednesday, 31 January 1900. (36053), p. 8.
  3. ↑ "Naval & Military intelligence" The Times (London). Friday, 19 April 1901. (36433), p. 10.
  4. ↑ "Naval & Military intelligence" The Times (London). Tuesday, 25 March 1902. (36724), p. 9.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ The Landing at Veracruz: 1914 by Jack Sweetman, ch. 6
  7. ↑ A Diplomat's Wife in Mexico by Edith O'Shaughnessy, ch. XXIV
  8. ↑ 'Castles', p. 221.
  9. ↑ 'Castles', p. 219, citing Marder Vol II, p. 111.
  10. ↑ 'Castles', p. 219, citing Coronel and the Faulklands, p. 92.
  11. ↑ flickr
  12. ↑ Christopher Cradock Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

Sources

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Further reading

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External links

Military offices
Preceded by
Vacant
(last held by Sir Day Bosanquet)
 Commander-in-Chief, North America and West Indies Station
1913–1914		 Succeeded by
Robert Hornby
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