Clemen ap Bledric
Clemen ap Bledric (also known as Clement or Clemens) was a 7th-century King of Dumnonia (now the English West Country).
Contents
Family, life and rule
Born about 580, the son of Bledric ap Custennin, Clemen ruled after his father was killed by King Æthelfrith of Northumbria at the Battle of Bangor-is-Coed (Bangor-on-Dee, Powys Fadog) in about 613. He married the daughter of Guitoli ap Urbgen, who was possibly a great grandson of the late king Gerren Llyngesic, and they had one known son, Petroc Baladrddellt (“Splintered Spear”) - although, according to the Welsh Bonedd y Saint (Genealogies of the Saints), Clemen was the father of St Petroc, other authorities state that this saint lived around a century earlier, the princely son of King Glywys of Glywysing,[1] making it likely Clemen was actually the father of Petroc Baladrddellt.
Some authors have Tewdwr (or Teudu) son of Peredur ruling as king in the fl. 620s, descended from a different line of Dumnonian kings from Gerren Llyngesic's son Cado ap Gerren.[2] This is as given in the Jesus College, Oxford, MS 20,[3] although this line ends with a Judhael as Tewdwr's grandson, almost certainly Judicael, High King of the Bretons, and king of Domnonia in Brittany.[4]
Battle of Beandun
Clemen was probably king when the Britons fought the Battle of Beandun (possibly Bindon near Axmouth in Devon[5]) in 614 when, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle tells us, King Cynegils and his son Cwichelm of Wessex invaded Dumnonia. The location of Bindon on the Devon side of the Dorset border suggests that the Dumnonian army was invading Wessex using the Roman road eastward from Exeter to Dorchester and was intercepted by a West Saxon garrison marching south.[6] 614 is also the year that which the peace was broken on the borders of Glevissig (Glywysing), suggesting the Dumnonians co-ordinated their efforts with the kings of South Wales,[6] such as Nynnio ap Erb who was probably ruling Gwent and Glywysing at the time.[7]
The West Saxon army was said to have killed 2,065 British:[6] the Britons were badly defeated and thought to have withdrawn west to the city of Caer-Uisc (Exeter). Exeter in the early 7th century was still occupied, as shown by the archaeology of surviving Roman buildings.[8]
Siege of Exeter
Clemen may have been reigning in 630-632 when, according to Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, King Penda of Mercia besieged Exeter until the exiled King Cadwallon of Gwynedd arrived to defeat the Mercians. The three kings are said to have made an alliance and marched north to face the armies of Northumbria which were then occupying Gwynedd: Exeter was in the kingdom of Dumnonia, and Cadwallon is said to have made an alliance with Dumnonia's nobility though Clemen's name is not mentioned.[9][10]
Today's reputable historians do not mention this siege at all, considering it together with the rest of Historia Regum Britanniae as one of Geoffrey of Monmouth's many colourful inventions.[citation needed]
Battle of Cefn Digoll
Clemen may have fought at the Battle of Cefn Digoll (Long Mountain, near Welshpool in Gwynedd) in alliance with Gwynedd and Mercia, against Northumbrian domination in 630.[11] It is not known whether the Dumnonians were part of the British army that went on to ravage Northumbria over the following years.
Literature
He is also given in Llyfr Baglan (Book of Baglan) as a Duke of Cornwall, son of Bredrice (e.g. Bledric) and father of Pedroc (e.g. Petroc).[12]
References
- ↑ Williams, Robert. Enwogion Cymru. W. Rees. 1852 p394
- ↑ Ashley, Mike The Mammoth Book of British Kings & Queens New York: Carroll & Graff 1998 ISBN 0-7867-0692-9 p118
- ↑ Snyder, Christopher A. The Britons Blackwell 2003 ISBN 0-631-22260-X p166
- ↑ Ashley, Mike. The Mammoth Book of British Kings & Queens New York: Carroll & Graff 1998 ISBN 0-7867-0692-9 p119
- ↑ Morris, J. (1995) The Age of Arthur ISBN 1-84212-477-3 p.307
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Morris, John. The Age of Arthur 2004 ISBN 1-84212-477-3 p308
- ↑ Post-Roman Celtic Kingdoms: Gwent Retrieved on 2008-09-04.
- ↑ Post-Roman Celtic Kingdoms: Dumnonia Retrieved on 2008-08-19.
- ↑ Jenkins, Alexander. The History and Description of the City of Exeter. P. Hedgeland. 1806 p11
- ↑ Giles, J. A. Six Old English Chronicles. Henry G. Bohn. 1848 p284
- ↑ D. P. Kirby, The Earliest English Kings (1991, 2000), pages 71–72.
- ↑ Williams, John. Llyfr Baglan: or The Book of Baglan. Compiled Between the Years 1600 and 1607. Edited by Joseph Alfred Bradney. London: Mitchell, Hughes and Clarke, 1910. p80
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | King of Dumnonia c. 613–c. 630 |
Succeeded by Petroc Baladrddellt |
