Clitheroe

For other uses, see Clitheroe (disambiguation).

Clitheroe
—  Town  —
Clitheroe Town Centre
Clitheroe  Clitheroe shown within Lancashire
Population	14,765 (2011)
OS grid reference	SD742417
Civil parish	Clitheroe
District	Ribble Valley
Shire county	Lancashire
Region	North West
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	CLITHEROE
Postcode district	BB7
Dialling code	01200
Police	Lancashire
Fire	Lancashire
Ambulance	North West
EU Parliament	North West England
UK Parliament	Ribble Valley
List of places UK England Lancashire

Clitheroe /ˈklɪðəroʊ/ is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Ribble Valley, approximately 34 miles (55 km) northwest of Manchester, in Lancashire, England. It is near the Forest of Bowland, and is often used as a base for tourists visiting the area. It has a population of 14,765.

The town's most notable building is Clitheroe Castle, said to be one of the smallest Norman keeps in Britain. Several manufacturing companies have sites here, including Dugdale Nutrition, Hanson Cement, Johnson Matthey and Tarmac.

History

The name Clitheroe is thought to come from the Anglo-Saxon for "Rocky Hill", and was also spelled Clyderhow and Cletherwoode. The town was the administrative centre for the lands of the Honor of Clitheroe. These lands were held by Roger de Poitou, who passed them to the De Lacy family, from whom they passed in 1311 to Thomas, Earl of Lancaster and subsequently, to the Duchy of Lancaster.

At one point, the town of Clitheroe was given to Richard, 1st Duke of Gloucester. Up until 1835, the Lord of the Honor was also by right Lord of Bowland, the so-called Lord of the Fells. The town's earliest existing charter is from 1283, granted by Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, confirming rights granted by one of his forebears between 1147 and 1177.

According to local legend, stepping stones across the River Ribble near the town are the abode of an evil spirit, who drowns one traveller every seven years.

Jet engine development

During World War II, the jet engine was developed by the Rover Company. Rover and Rolls-Royce met engineers from the different companies at Clitheroe's Swan & Royal Hotel. The residential area 'Whittle Close' in the town is named after Frank Whittle, being built over the site of the former jet engine test beds.

Governance

Mayor James Thomson (from Clitheroe Castle Museum)

The town elected two members to the Unreformed House of Commons. The Great Reform Act reduced this to one. The parliamentary borough was abolished under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885. It was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, and remained a municipal borough until the Local Government Act 1972 came into force in 1974 when it became a successor parish within the Ribble Valley district.

Since 1991 the town of Clitheroe has elected at least 8 out of the 10 Liberal Democrat borough councillors on Ribble Valley Borough Council, while Clitheroe Town Council has been Liberal Democrat controlled for that period too. Likewise since 1993 the town has elected a Liberal Democrat County Councillor to Lancashire County Council.

Clitheroe returned one of the first six ever Socialist MPs at the 1906 general election, due perhaps to the large number of mill workers living locally at that time. Clitheroe has been represented by an Conservative Member of Parliament for many years, with the exception of Michael Carr, elected in an by election in 1991 for the Liberal Democrats. The current MP is Nigel Evans, whom was first elected in 1992. Prior to both men, was the high profile David Waddington.

Economy

Clitheroe's main shopping street

United Reformed Church in the Town Centre

Industry

ICI founded a chemical plant in 1941, which was sold for a reported £260 million in September 2002, to Johnson Matthey. Conservatory manufacturer Ultraframe was started in Clitheroe, by John Lancaster in 1983. In March 1997, it floated on the stock exchange, being valued at £345 million in 2003. In June 2006, however, a downturn led to a takeover by Brian Kennedy's Latium Holdings. Another local firm, the family-owned animal feed producer Dugdale Nutrition can trace its history to John Dugdale who was trading at Waddington Post Office in 1850.

Hanson Cement has been criticised for using industrial waste in its kilns, which some local inhabitants claim produces poisonous dioxins. Hanson Cement claims that its filters remove these and that government inspectors have approved the plant. However, locals continue to campaign for the use of industrial waste as fuel to cease.

There are a number of small industrial sites in and around Clitheroe, the most prominent of which is the newly expanded Link 59 Business Park to the north of the town.

Retail

Clitheroe has many small independent shops, as well as some smaller branches of chain stores, such as Timpsons, Sayers, Boots, Ideal Pet Stores, WH Smith, Costa Coffee, Caffe Nero, and Homebase (which includes an Argos). There are numerous banks and building societies, including Lloyds TSB, Santander, Barclays, HSBC, NatWest, and Yorkshire Bank. Clitheroe has three jewellers, with Nettletons Jewellers being on the high street. In November 2000, Peugeot (Perrys) opened a dealership in the town, but it has since closed. Majestic Wine now occupies the site.

In May 2007, planning permission was granted for a Homebase, although the store didn't open until April 2009. In April 2015, work officially started on a new development, consisting of Aldi and Pets at Home. In October 2015, Aldi officially opened, with Pets at Home following shortly afterwards.

Clitheroe has five supermarkets: Booths, Tesco, Sainsbury's, Lidl, and Aldi. There is a shopping arcade known as the Swan Courtyard, and two petrol stations, run by BP and Texaco (which includes a Subway). In May 2007, when Kwik Save entered administration, its store on Station Road closed. In September 2008, Booths bought the site, and expanded their store.

Religion

There are three Anglican churches: the Parish Church of St Mary Magdalene is a traditional Anglican church on Church Brow on a limestone knoll; St James' Church has recently been refurbished; St Paul's is in the area of town known as Low Moor. The town also has a Roman Catholic community. There is St Michael and St John Church in the town. The majority of Roman Catholic children attend St Augustine's RC High School, Billington.

The Catholic saint, Margaret Clitherow, was not from Clitheroe but lived and was martyred in York. Trinity Methodist Church, part of the wider Methodist Circuit in Clitheroe and surrounding villages, is located on the edge of Castle Park in Clitheroe. There is also a URC church in the town, as well as the Clitheroe Community Church and Salvation Army citadel. In nearby Sawley there is a Quaker Meeting House.

There is a Muslim community in Clitheroe. After years of campaigning for a mosque in the town, permission was granted in December 2006, for the conversion of a former church at Lowergate into a multi faith centre, which has a Muslim prayer room. It is open for all faiths, to use the rest of the building.

Landmarks

The Castle

Clitheroe Castle

Clitheroe Castle is argued to be the smallest Norman keep in the whole of England. It stands atop a 35-metre outcrop of limestone and is one of the oldest buildings in Lancashire. It is also the only remaining castle in the county which had a royalist garrison during the English Civil War.

The castle's most prominent feature is the hole in its side which was made in 1649 as was ordered by the government. It was to be put in "such condition that in might neither be a charge to the Commonwealth to keep it, nor a danger to have it kept against them".

Dixon Robinson was in residence as Steward of The Honor of Clitheroe from 1836 until his death in 1878 and resided at the castle for the same period. His son Aurthur Ingram Robinson lived at the Castle after 1878, and inherited the Steward title too. (see Honour of Clitheroe).

Transport

Clitheroe Railway Station

View towards Railway Station from Clitheroe Castle

Clitheroe is well connected in terms of public transport links via Clitheroe Interchange.

Train services

There are hourly trains to Blackburn and Manchester Victoria from the railway station that are operated by Northern Rail. Usually, services are operated by Class 150 trains, but sometimes Class 156 and Class 153 operate the service. The Ribble Valley Rail group (community rail group) is campaigning for services from Clitheroe to be extended to Hellifield.

Bus services

There are frequent bus services from Clitheroe Interchange to the surrounding Lancashire and Yorkshire settlements. Transdev is the most prominent operator, mainly operating interurban services to other towns in Lancashire, Greater Manchester and Yorkshire. Other operators include Holmeswood Coaches, M&M Coaches, Little Red Bus & Tyrer Bus.

Sport

Clitheroe F.C. Football Ground

Clitheroe Skate Park

Clitheroe F.C. play in the Northern Premier League Division One North. Originally established in 1877 as Clitheroe Central, they play their home games at the Shawbridge Stadium. There is also a youth football club, Clitheroe Wolves, founded in 1992.

Cricket has been played in Clitheroe since the 1800s, with Clitheroe Cricket Club being formed in 1862 as an amalgamation of two sides, Clitheroe Alhambra and the local Rifles Corps. Based at Chatburn Road and members of the Ribblesdale League since its inception, the club won the league title and both the Ramsbottom and Twenty-20 cups in the 2006 season.

Golf The Clitheroe Golf Club was founded in 1891, and originally the course was at Horrockford on land now quarried away. The current course was designed by James Braid, and play began in the early 1930's. It is located south of the town in the neighbouring parish of Pendleton. Clitheroe Rugby Union Football Club, formed in 1977, play at the Littlemoor Ground on Littlemoor Road in the town and run two adult rugby teams.

In August 2005, a cycle race, the Clitheroe Grand Prix, took place in the town, with Russell Downing finishing ahead of Chris Newton. In August 2006, Ben Greenwood, won with Ian Wilkinson second, but in April 2007, the council decided not to support another event, citing poor attendance. The town was also the start point of the second stage of the 2015 Tour of Britain.

Public sports facilities are available at Edisford, with the Ribblesdale Pool and Clitheroe Tennis Centre located there, along with a number of football pitches and netball courts. The site is shared with the Roefield Leisure Centre, developed and operated by a registered charity who's supporters began fund-raising in 1985.

In April 2006, Clitheroe Skatepark officially opened in the Castle grounds, built and funded by the Lancaster Foundation charitable trust.

Culture

Festivals

The first Ribble Valley Jazz Festival for over 40 years – held from 30 April–3 May 2010 – was organised by the Ribble Valley Jazz and Blues Club, based in Clitheroe. Clitheroe has hosted a spring festival since 1997.

The annual Clitheroe Food Festival takes place in early August. Eighty or more Lancashire food and drink producers are selected to participate by the festival organisers. Lancashire's top professional chefs, the town's retailers, groups and volunteer organisations also take part.

Clitheroe Ethnic groups 2011	Percentage
White British	93.8%
Asian	2.6%
Black	0.2%

Clitheroe had a population of 14,765 and is made up of 5 wards (Salthill, Littlemoor, Edisford and Low Moor, St Mary's and Primrose). It has small Eastern European and Asian Populations which are both similar sizes.

Education

Clitheroe Royal Grammar School

The three main secondary schools in the town are Clitheroe Royal Grammar School, Ribblesdale High School and Moorland School. There are several primary schools in the town. These are St James's Church of England Primary School, St. Michael and John's Roman Catholic Primary School, Pendle Primary School, Edisford Primary School and Brookside Primary School.

Health

Clitheroe has a health centre, accommodating the Pendleside Medical Practice and the Castle Medical Group. There is a community hospital. The area is served by the East Lancashire NHS Primary Care Trust. Clitheroe also has its own Ambulance, Fire & Police Stations.

Twin town

Clitheroe is twinned with a small town in France.

• – Rivesaltes, France

Notable Clitheroids

See also: Category:People from Clitheroe

• Michael Bisping, professional UFC fighter.
• Jimmy Clitheroe (1921–1973) a comedian well known for his radio shows, was born in the town but raised in Blacko, near Colne.
• Peter Hargreaves CBE, co-founder of Hargreaves Lansdown plc.
• James King (1750–1784), a Royal Navy officer who was with James Cook on his last voyage around the world.
• John Lund, Eight-time BriSCA F1 Stock Cars World Champion.
• Samantha Murray, a modern pentathlete, considers Clitheroe to be her hometown.
• Amanda Parker, J.P., High Sheriff of Lancashire.
• Dixon Robinson (1795–1878) Steward of the Honour of Clitheroe, Blackburn Lawyer and major landowner / employer of Clitheroe and Chatburn. Built the Pendle Hotel. Owned the Horrocksford Lime Co, Bold Venture Kiln, Limeworks, Gasworks and Quarry from 1837 to his death in 1878. Lived at Clitheroe Castle.

Media gallery

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  Clitheroe Library and Market Street.

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  The main street in Clitheroe, taken from Swan Court Shopping Arcade.

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  The main park in Clitheroe; its entrance.

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  The 'rose garden', with a gift from London, a part of the Houses of Parliament.

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  View from Clitheroe Castle. In the distance is Pendle Hill.

See also

• Listed buildings in Clitheroe

Further reading

• Thomas Dunham Whitaker, An history of the original parish of Whalley, and honor of Clitheroe, 1818 Full text at archive.org
• Farrer and Brownbill, The Victoria history of the county of Lancaster Vol 1, 1906 Full text at archive.org

External links

• Clitheroe Town Council
• Clitheroe in the future
• Old Clitheroe
• Clitheroe at GENUKI: historical and genealogical information
• Clitheroe Advertiser & Times
• Clitheroe Conservation Area Appraisal
• pp360-372 of The Victoria History of the County of Lancaster Vol 6
• Clitheroe search results at Historic England's Pastscape site
• Salthill and Bellman Park Quarries SSSI
• Salthill Quarry Local Nature Reserve
• Cross Hill Quarry Local Nature Reserve
• Ribblesdale Cement Works info
• The Clitheroe Geotrail