Close-mid central unrounded vowel

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Close-mid central unrounded vowel
ɘ
ë
IPA Number 397
Encoding
Entity (decimal) ɘ
Unicode (hex) U+0258
X-SAMPA @\
Braille ⠲ (braille pattern dots-256) ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)

The close-mid central unrounded vowel, or high-mid central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɘ⟩. This is a reversed letter e, and should not be confused with the schwaə⟩, which is a turned e. It was added to the IPA in 1993; before that, this vowel was transcribed ⟨ë⟩ (Latin small letter e with umlaut, not Cyrillic small letter yo). This letter may be used with a lowering diacriticɘ̞⟩, to denote the mid central unrounded vowel.

The IPA prefers terms "close" and "open" for vowels, and the name of the article follows this. However, a large number of linguists, perhaps a majority, prefer the terms "high" and "low".

Features

IPA vowel chart
Front Near-​front Central Near-​back Back
Close
Blank vowel trapezoid.svg
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|i]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|y]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɨ]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʉ]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɯ]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|u]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɪ]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʏ]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɪ̈]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʊ̈]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɯ̽]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʊ]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|e]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ø]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɘ]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɵ]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɤ]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|o]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|e̞]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ø̞]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ə]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɵ̞]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɤ̞]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|o̞]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɛ]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|œ]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɜ]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɞ]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʌ]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɔ]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|æ]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɐ]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɞ̞]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|a]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɶ]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ä]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɒ̈]]
[[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɑ]][[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɒ]]
Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open
Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded
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IPA help • IPA key • chart • Loudspeaker.svg chart with audio • view

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Catalan Central Valencian[1] poc [ˈpɒ̝kːɘ] 'little' Vocalic release found in final consonants. Typically transcribed in IPA as ⟨ə⟩. See Catalan phonology
Dutch Standard[2][3][4] bit <phonos file="Nl-bit.ogg">[bɘ̟t]</phonos> 'bit' Somewhat fronted;[2][3][4] typically transcribed in IPA as ⟨ɪ⟩, the way it's pronounced in some dialects.[5] See Dutch phonology
English Australian[6][7] bird [bɘːd] 'bird' Typically transcribed in IPA as ⟨ɜː⟩. See Australian English phonology
Southern Michigan[8] [bɘ˞ːd] Rhotacized.
Cardiff[9] foot [fɘ̠t] 'foot' Somewhat retracted;[9] corresponds to /ʊ/ in other dialects. See English phonology
New Zealand[10] bit [bɘt] 'bit' Corresponds to /ɪ/ in other dialects. See English phonology
Southern American[11] nut [nɘt] 'nut' Some dialects.[11] Corresponds to /ʌ/ in other dialects. See English phonology
French Marseille baguette [baˈgɛtɘ] 'baguette' Mute in Standard French. See meridional French
Irish Munster[12] sáile [ˈsˠɰaːlʲɘ] 'salt water' Usually transcribed [ɪ̽]. It is an allophone of /ə/ next to non-palatal slender consonants.[12] See Irish phonology
Jebero[13] [ˈiʃɘk] 'bat'
Kaingang[14] [ˈᵐbɘ] 'tail' Varies between central [ɘ] and back [ɤ].[15]
Kazakh тіл [tɘl] 'language'
Korean [ɘː.ɾɯn] 'senior' See Korean phonology.
Lizu[16] [Fkɘ] 'eagle' Allophone of /ə/ after velar stops.[16]
Mapudungun[17] elün [ë̝ˈlɘn] 'to leave (something)'
Mongolian[18] үсэр [usɘɾɘ̆] 'jump'
Norman acataer [akatɘ] 'to buy' May be [u ~ o ~ e] depending on the region. In Jèrriais it's spelled aï and pronounced [aɪ].
Northern Qiang Mawo dialect [ɘ ʑu] 'a pile'
Northern Tiwa Taos dialect [ˌpʼɒ̀ˑxɘ̄ˈɬɑ̄ːnæ] 'star' Allophone of /ɤ/. See Taos phonology
Paicî  ?? [kɘ̄ɾɘ̄] 'spider'
Polish[19] tymczasowy <phonos file="Pl-tymczasowy.ogg">[t̪ɘ̟mt͡ʂäˈs̪ɔvɘ̟]</phonos> 'temporary' Somewhat fronted;[19] typically transcribed in IPA as ⟨ɨ⟩. See Polish phonology
Romanian Moldavian dialects[20] casă [ˈkäsɘ] 'house' Corresponds to [ə] in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
Russian[21] солнце <phonos file="Ru-солнце (2).ogg">[ˈs̪o̞n̪t̪͡s̪ɘ]</phonos> 'sun' This occurs only for some speakers after /t͡s/.[21] See Russian phonology
Shiwiar[22] [example needed]
Skolt Sami vuõˊlǧǧem [vʲuɘlɟ͡ʝːɛm] 'I left'
Vietnamese[23] v [vɘ˨˩ˀ] 'wife' Typically transcribed in IPA as ⟨ɤ⟩. See Vietnamese phonology
Xumi Upper[24] [LPmɘ̃dɐ] 'upstairs' Nasalized; occurs only in this word.[24] It is realized as mid [ə̃] in Lower Xumi.[25]
Zapotec Tilquiapan[26] ne [nɘ] 'and'

References

Bibliography

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