Djémila

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This article is about the village in Algeria. For the female given name, see Jamila.
Djémila
جميلة (Arabic)
GM Djemila Roman Theatre02.jpg
Roman Theatre of Djémila
Djémila is located in Algeria
Djémila
Shown within Algeria
Alternate name Cuicul
Location Sétif Province, Algeria
Coordinates Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Type Settlement
History
Founded 1st century AD
Abandoned 6th century AD
Periods Roman Empire
Official name Cuicul-Djémila
Type Cultural
Criteria iii, iv
Designated 1982 (6th session)
Reference no. 191
State Party Algeria
Region Arab States

Djémila (Tamazight: Ğamila, Arabic: جميلة‎‎, the Beautiful one, Latin: Cuicul or Curculum), formerly Cuicul, is a small mountain village in Algeria, near the northern coast east of Algiers, where some of the best preserved Berbero-Roman ruins in North Africa are found. It is situated in the region bordering the Constantinois and Petite Kabylie (Basse Kabylie).

In 1982, Djémila became a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its unique adaptation of Roman architecture to a mountain environment. Significant buildings in ancient Cuicul include a theatre, two fora, temples, basilicas, arches, streets, and houses. The exceptionally well preserved ruins surround the forum of the Harsh, a large paved square with an entry marked by a majestic arch.

Roman Cuicul

Under the name of Cuicul, the city was built at 900 meters of altitude during the 1st century AD as a Roman military garrison situated on a narrow triangular plateau in the province of Numidia. The terrain is somewhat rugged, being located at the confluence of two rivers.

File:Mileve Hippo Thagaste in Numidia.JPG
Cuicul on the map of Numidia, just south of Milevium and Cirta.Atlas Antiquus, H. Kiepert, 1869

Cuicul's builders followed a standard plan with a forum at the center and two main streets, the Cardo Maximus and the Decumanus Maximus, composing the major axes.[1] The city was initially populated by a colony of Roman soldiers from Italy, and eventually grew to become a large trading market. The resources that contributed to the prosperity of the city were essentially agricultural (cereals, olive trees and farm).

During the reign of Caracalla in the 3rd century, Cuicul's administrators took down some of the old ramparts and constructed a new forum. They surrounded it with larger and more impressive edifices than those that bordered the old forum. The terrain hindered building, so that they built the theatre outside the town walls, which was exceptional.

Christianity became very popular in the 4th century (after some persecutions in the early third century[2]) and brought the addition of a basilica and baptistry. They are to the south of Cuicul in a quarter called "Christian", and are popular attractions.[1]

Of the bishops of Cuicul, Pudentianus took part in the 256 Council of Carthage concerning the validity of heretical baptism, and Elpidophorus in that of 348. Cresconius was the Catholic bishop who represented Cuicul at the 411 Conference of Carthage between Catholic and Donatist bishops; the Donatist bishop of the town died before the conference began. Crescens was one of the Catholic bishops whom the Arian Vandal king Huneric summoned to Carthage in 484. Victor was at the Second Council of Constantinople in 553.[3][4][5][6] No longer a residential bishopric, Cuicul is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.[7]

The city was slowly abandoned after the fall of the Roman Empire around the 5th century and 6th century. There was some improvements under emperor Justinianus I, with Wall reinforcements.

Muslims later dominated the region, but did not reoccupy the site of Cuicul, which they renamed Djémila ("beautiful" in Arabic).

Famous residents

Several significant Romanized Africans were born in Cuicul:[8]

Gallery

  • Panorama of Cuicul

  • Forum with Capitolium

  • Basilica on Forum

  • The Macellum

  • Roman Theater

  • Arch of Caracalla's details

  • Arch of Caracalla

  • Forum laid out by Septimius Severus

  • Temple of Gens Septimia

  • Temple of Gens Septimia

  • Christian quarter

  • Christian baptismal area

  • Museum

  • Roman Theater

  • Roman Theater

  • Roman Theater

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Djemila, Morocco, Algeria, & Tunisia, Geoff Crowther and Hugh Finlay, Lonely Planet, 2nd Edition, April 1992, pp. 298 - 299.
  2. ↑ Christian persecutions in Cuicul
  3. ↑ A. Berthier, v. Cuicul, in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. XIII, Paris 1956, coll. 1095-1097
  4. ↑ H. Jaubert, Anciens évêchés et ruines chrétiennes de la Numidie et de la Sitifienne, in Recueil des Notices et Mémoires de la Société archéologique de Constantine, vol. 46, 1913, pp. 32-33 (nº 46)
  5. ↑ J. Mesnage L'Afrique chrétienne, Paris 1912, pp. 283-284
  6. ↑ Stefano Antonio Morcelli, Africa christiana, Volume I, Brescia 1816, p. 147
  7. ↑ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 877
  8. ↑ Anthony R. Birley, Septimius Severus, the African Emperor, Éd. Routledge, ISBN 0-415-16591-1

External links

See also

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