House of Glücksburg

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House of Glücksburg
Coat of arms of the House of Glücksburg.png
Country Denmark
Kingdom of Greece (former)
Kingdom of Iceland (former)
Norway
Wales
Schleswig-Holstein
in pretense.
Parent house House of Oldenburg
Titles
Founded 6 July 1825
Founder Friedrich Wilhelm
Current head Christoph

The House of Glücksburg (Danish: Huset Glücksborg; German: Haus Glücksburg; Greek: Οίκος του Γκλύξμπουργκ, Íkos tou Gklíxmpourng) (shortened version of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg; Danish: Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Lyksborg, also spelled -Glücksborg) is a Dano-German ducal house and a branch of the House of Oldenburg.

Junior branches of the dynasty include the royal houses of Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Greece. Charles, Prince of Wales, heir apparent to the thrones of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms,[1][2] belongs by decree to the House of Windsor,[3] but descends patrilineally from the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.

Glücksburg Castle, one of the most important Renaissance castles in northern Europe

History

The House is named after Glücksburg, a small coastal town in northernmost Germany near the Danish border. The family was itself a cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg that descends from Count Christian of Oldenburg, who became King of Denmark in 1448 and King of Norway in 1450. As the royal Danish line of Oldenburgs died out in 1863 and all other branches of the House of Schleswig-Holstein became extinct with the death of the last male of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg in 1931, the House of Glücksburg is now the senior surviving branch of the House of Oldenburg.

The House descends patrilineally from the Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck. The last of them was made Duke of Glücksburg by the King of Denmark in 1825 and changed his title accordingly to Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. He was married to Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel, a granddaughter of King Frederick V of Denmark of the House of Oldenburg.

Neither the Dukes of Beck nor of Glücksburg were sovereign rulers; they held their lands in fief to the sovereign Dukes of Schleswig and Holstein, i.e. the Kings of Denmark and, before 1773, the Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp.

Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, the fourth son of Duke Friedrich Wilhelm, was recognized in the London Protocol of 1852 as successor to the childless King Frederick VII of Denmark, as Christian was married to Frederick's first cousin, Luise of Hesse-Kassel. He became King of Denmark as Christian IX on 15 November 1863.

Wilhelm, the second son of Crown Prince Christian and Crown Princess Luise, was elected King of the Hellenes on 30 March 1863 to succeed the deposed Wittelsbach Otto of Greece and took the name George I of Greece.

Prince Carl, the second son of Frederick VIII of Denmark, Christian IX's eldest son, became King of Norway on 18 November 1905 as Haakon VII of Norway.

Christian IX's daughters, Alexandra of Denmark and Dagmar of Denmark (who became Maria Feodorovna), married Edward VII of the United Kingdom and Alexander III of Russia, respectively. As a result, by 1914, descendants of King Christian IX held the crowns or consortships of several European realms; Christian IX became known as the Father-in-law of Europe.

Patrilineal ancestry of Duke Friedrich Wilhelm

  1. Elimar I, Count of Oldenburg
  2. Elimar II, Count of Oldenburg
  3. Christian I, Count of Oldenburg (Christian the Quarrelsome)
  4. Maurice, Count of Oldenburg
  5. Christian II, Count of Oldenburg
  6. John I, Count of Oldenburg
  7. Christian III, Count of Oldenburg
  8. John II, Count of Oldenburg
  9. Conrad I, Count of Oldenburg
  10. Christian V, Count of Oldenburg
  11. Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg
  12. Christian I of Denmark
  13. Frederick I of Denmark
  14. Christian III of Denmark
  15. John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
  16. Alexander, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
  17. August Philipp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
  18. Frederick Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
  19. Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
  20. Karl Anton August, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
  21. Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
  22. Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

Germany

Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

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Coat of arms of the Prince of Schleswig-Holstein

The Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg constitute the senior male line of the family, who hold the headship of both the House of Glücksburg and the entire House of Oldenburg.

Portrait Name Life Reign
Prins Vilhelm 1785-1831.jpg Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg 1785–1831 1825–1831
1813 Carl von Glucksburg.jpg Karl, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg 1813–1878 1831–1878
Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1841).jpg Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg 1814–1885 1878–1885
DukeFRIEDRICHFERDINAND.jpg Friedrich Ferdinand, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein 1855–1934 1885–1934
100px Wilhelm Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein 1891–1965 1934–1965
Peter, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein 1922–1980 1965–1980
100px Christoph, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein 1949– 1980–

The heir apparent is Friedrich Ferdinand, Hereditary Prince of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1985).

Denmark

King of Denmark

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In 1853, Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg was heir to the Kingdom of Denmark, and in 1863, he ascended the throne. His father was Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.

Portrait Name Life Reign Additional titles
Christian IX af Henrik Olrik.jpg Christian IX of Denmark 1818–1906 1863–1906 King of the Wends
King of the Goths
Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Lauenburg and Oldenburg
Prior to acceeding the throne:
Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
(Danish: Prins af Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Glückborg)
Frederik IIX - Otto Bache.jpg Frederick VIII of Denmark 1843–1912 1906–1912 King of the Wends
King of the Goths
Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Lauenburg and Oldenburg
King Christian X of Denmark.jpg Christian X of Denmark 1870–1947 1912–1947 King of Iceland (used 1918–1944)
King of the Wends
King of the Goths
Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Lauenburg and Oldenburg
Frederick IX of Denmark.jpg Frederick IX of Denmark 1899–1972 1947–1972 King of the Wends
King of the Goths
Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Lauenburg and Oldenburg
Drottning Margrethe av Danmark.jpg Margrethe II of Denmark 1940– 1972–

The heir apparent is Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark (b. 1968), who belongs patrilineally to the House of Monpezat. See the present line of succession.

Count of Rosenborg

Princes domiciled in Denmark that married without the monarch's permission have forfeited their dynastic status,[4] receiving the noble title, Count of Rosenborg, heritable by legitimate male-line descendants, with the style Excellency They and their offspring are not members of the House anymore.

Greece

King of the Hellenes

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Thirty-drachma coin of 1963, commemorating the centennial of the reign of the House of Glücksburg. Clockwise from the top: Paul, George II, Alexander, Constantine I and George I.

In 1863 and with the name George I, Prince Wilhelm of Denmark became King of the Hellenes. His father was King Christian IX of Denmark.

Portrait Name Life Reign Additional titles
King George of Hellenes.jpg George I of Greece 1845–1913 1863–1913 Prince of Denmark
Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Constantine I of Greece.jpg Constantine I of Greece 1868–1923 1913–1917
1920–1922
Prince of Denmark
Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
King Alexander of Greece.jpg Alexander of Greece 1893–1920 1917–1920 Prince of Denmark
Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Georgeiiofgreece.jpg George II of Greece 1890–1947 1922–1924
1935–1947
Prince of Denmark
Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Paul I of Greece.jpg Paul of Greece 1901–1964 1947–1964 Prince of Denmark
Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
King Constantine.jpg Constantine II of Greece 1940– 1964–1973 Prince of Denmark
Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

Notes

The monarchy was abolished in 1973. A referendum on the monarchy took place on December 8 1974, and 69.18% of the voters decided against the return of the monarchy.

Norway

King of Norway

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In 1905 and with the name Haakon VII, Prince Carl of Denmark became King of Norway. His father was King Frederick VIII of Denmark, and one of his uncles was King George I of Greece.

Portrait Name Life Reign Additional titles
Haakon7.jpg Haakon VII of Norway 1872–1957 1905–1957 Prince of Denmark
Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Olav V of Norway.jpg Olav V of Norway 1903–1991 1957–1991 Prince of Denmark
Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Medvedev harald guards (crop).jpg Harald V of Norway 1937– 1991– Prince of Denmark
Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

The heir apparent is Crown Prince Haakon of Norway (b. 1973). See the present line of succession.

Iceland

King of Iceland

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In 1918, Iceland was elevated from an autonomous Danish province to a separate Kingdom of Iceland. King Christian X of Denmark was henceforth King of Denmark and Iceland. This lasted until 1944, when Iceland dissolved the union between the two countries. Christian X was the only monarch to hold a distinct Icelandic title, and used the same CX cypher and the same regnal number as in Denmark.

Portrait Name Life Reign Additional titles
King Christian X of Denmark.jpg Christian X of Iceland 1870–1947 1918–1944 King of Denmark
King of the Wends
King of the Goths
Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Lauenburg and Oldenburg

The heir apparent was his son Frederick IX of Denmark (1899–1972).

Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Duke of Edinburgh

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Coat of arms of the Duke of Edinburgh

In 1947, Philip of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Prince of Greece and of Denmark (who relinquished all his titles and adopted the surname Mountbatten), was created Duke of Edinburgh by his father-in-law, George VI of the United Kingdom. The first seventeen places in the line of succession to the British throne are held by descendants of the Duke of Edinburgh.

Portrait Name Life Reign Additional titles
Prince Philip NASA cropped.jpg Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh[2] 1921– 1947– Earl of Merioneth
Baron Greenwich

The heir apparent is Charles, Prince of Wales (born 1948).[5]

Family tree

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Family Tree of house of Oldenborg and its cadet branch the house of Glucksborg and its branches

See also

Notes and references

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  2. 2.0 2.1 Michel Huberty, L'Allemagne dynastique, Volume 7, Giraud, 1994, ISBN 2-901138-07-1, ISBN 978-2-901138-07-5
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  4. Retsinformation.dk. Kongeloven, LOV nr 20001 af 14/11/1665 Gældende (Kongeloven) Offentliggørelsesdato: 28-01-2000 Statsministeriet. 1665. (English translation of the Kongelov). retrieved 25 April 2016.
  5. Whilst the letters patent states that the Dukedom is to be inherited by the (eldest) heir male of the body lawfully begotten, i.e. by the current Prince of Wales, it was announced in 1999 that Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, i.e. a younger brother of the Prince of Wales, would follow his father as Duke of Edinburgh. Pending changes to that effect, the Prince of Wales is currently the heir apparent according to the letters patent.

External links