East Karelian concentration camps
East Karelian concentration camps were special internment camps in the areas of the Soviet Union occupied by the Finnish military administration during the Continuation War. These camps were organized by the armed forces supreme commander Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim.[4] The camps were intended to hold camp detainees for future exchange with the Finnic population from the rest of Russia. The mortality rate of civilians in the camps was high due famine and diseases.
Russian population
Significant numbers of Soviet civilians were interred in the concentration camps. These were Russian women, young children, and the elderly; almost all of the working age male and female population were either drafted or evacuated: only a third of the original population of 470,000 remained in East Karelia when the Finnish army arrived, and half of them were Karelians. About 30 percent (24,000) of the remaining Russian population were confined in camps; six-thousand of them were Soviet refugees captured while they awaited transportation over Lake Onega, and 3,000 were from the southern side of the River Svir. The purpose of the detention was allegedly to secure the area behind the front lines against partisan attacks. The first of the camps were set up on 24 October 1941 in Petrozavodsk. During the spring and summer of 1942, 3,500 detainees died of malnutrition. During the last half of 1942, the number of detainees dropped quickly to 15,000 as people were released to their homes or were resettled to the "safe" villages, and only 500 more people died during the last two years of war, as the food shortages were alleviated.[5][6] During the following years, the Finnish authorities detained several thousand more civilians from areas with reported partisan activity, but as the releases continued the total number of detainees remained at 13,000–14,000. The total number of deaths among the camp inmates is estimated at 4,000–7,000, mostly from hunger during the spring and summer of 1942.[6][7]
Timeline
The first camp was set up on 24 October 1941, in Petrozavodsk. The two largest groups were 6,000 Russian refugees and 3,000 inhabitants from the southern bank of the River Svir who were forcibly evacuated because of the close proximity of the front line. Around 4,000 of these prisoners perished due to malnourishment, 90 percent of them during the spring and summer of 1942.[6]
Population in the Finnish camps:
- 13,400 – December 31, 1941
- 21,984 – July 1, 1942
- 15,241 – January 1, 1943
- 14,917 – January 1, 1944
List of the camps
- Keskitysleiri 1
- Keskitysleiri 2
- Keskitysleiri 3
- Keskitysleiri 4
- Keskitysleiri 5
- Keskitysleiri 6
- Kutisma camp
- Vilka camp
- Tervaoja camp
See also
References
- ↑ See: Laine, Antti 1982: Suur-Suomen kahdet kasvot. Itä-Karjalan siviiliväestön asema suomalaisessa miehityshallinnossa 1941–1944, pp. 116, 346–348, & appendix with illustrations. Helsinki: Otava.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ (Russian) Семейный Ковчег: "Военное детство нынче не в цене", April 2004
- ↑ Laine, Antti 1982: Suur-Suomen kahdet kasvot. Itä-Karjalan siviiliväestön asema suomalaisessa miehityshallinnossa 1941–1944, s. 63, 67, 116, 125. Helsinki: Otava.
- ↑ Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulun historian laitos, Jatkosodan historia 1–6 ("The History of The Continuation War, 1–6"), 1994
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Laine, Antti, Suur-Suomen kahdet kasvot, 1982, ISBN 951-1-06947-0, Otava
- ↑ (Russian)Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
