Edith Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Marchioness of Londonderry

The Most Honourable The Marchioness of Londonderry
200px Lady Edith Vane-Tempest-Stewart by Philip de László, 1927
Personal details
Born	3 December 1878 Blankney, Lincolnshire, England
Died	23 April 1959 Mount Stewart, County Down, Northern Ireland
Nationality	English
Spouse(s)	Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry (1878–1949)
Children	Lady Maureen Helen Vane-Tempest-Stewart (1900–1942) Edward Charles Stewart Robert Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 8th Marquess of Londonderry (1902–1955) Lady Margaret Frances Anne Vane-Tempest-Stewart (1910–1966) Lady Helen Maglona Vane-Tempest-Stewart (1911–1986) Lady Mairi Elizabeth Vane-Tempest-Stewart (1921–2009)
Parents	Henry Chaplin, 1st Viscount Chaplin (1840–1923) and Lady Florence Sutherland-Leveson-Gower (1855–1881)

Edith Vane-Tempest-Stewart (née Chaplin), Marchioness of Londonderry DBE (3 December 1878 – 23 April 1959) was a noted and influential society hostess in the United Kingdom between World War I and World War II.

Family and personal life

File:Circe and the Sirens,' A Group Portrait of the Honourable Edith Chaplin (1878–1959), Marchioness of Londonderry, and Her Three Youngest Daughters.jpeg

Circe and the Sirens: A Group Portrait of the Honourable Edith Chaplin, Marchioness of Londonderry, and Her Three Youngest Daughters, Charles Edmund Brock.

Born as Edith Helen Chaplin in Blankney, Lincolnshire, she was the daughter of Henry Chaplin (later the 1st Viscount Chaplin). After the death of her mother in 1881, Edith was raised largely at Dunrobin Castle, Sutherland, the estate of her maternal grandfather, the third Duke of Sutherland.

On 28 November 1899, she married Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, who later inherited his father's title in 1915, whereupon Edith became Marchioness of Londonderry. They had five children:

• Maureen (b. 6 Dec 1900, d. 20 Jun 1942) m. Oliver Stanley
• Edward (b. 18 Nov 1902, d. 17 Oct 1955) known as Robin, became the 8th Marquess
• Margaret (b. 9 Mar 1910, d. 19 Oct 1966) m. firstly Alan Muntz, and secondly Hugh Falkus
• Helen (b. 8 Jul 1911, d. 11 Mar 1986) m. firstly Edward Jessel, 2nd Baron Jessel, and secondly Dennis Whittington Walsh.
• Mairi (b. 25 Mar 1921, d. 16 Nov 2009) m. Viscount Bury.

On the death of the 7th Marquess, in 1949, Lady Londonderry became Dowager Marchioness of Londonderry. One of Lady Londonderry's grandchildren, Annabel Goldsmith, is also a noted London socialite.

The Marchioness died of cancer on 23 April 1959, aged 80.

Public works

In 1914, after the outbreak of World War I, she was appointed the Colonel-in-Chief of the Women's Volunteer Reserve (WVR), a volunteer force formed of women replacing the men who had left work and gone up to the Front. The WVR was established in December 1914 in response to German bombing raids on East Coast towns during the First World War (see 'Women in the British Army: War and the Gentle Sex', Lucy Noakes, p. 53).

Lady Londonderry also aided with the organisation of the Officers' Hospital set up in her house, and was the first woman to be appointed to be a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the Military Division, upon the Order's establishment in 1917.

Lady Londonderry's friendship with Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, although platonic, was a source of gossip in her time and has since become an iconic friendship of English social history.

Legacy

File:Mount Stewart.jpg

Characteristically luxuriant planting contained within formally clipped edging

During the 1920s, Lady Londonderry created the gardens at the Londonderry family estate of Mount Stewart, near Newtownards, County Down. She added the Shamrock Garden, the Sunken Garden, increased the size of the lake, added a Spanish Garden with a small hut, the Italian Garden, the Dodo Terrace, Menagerie, the Fountain Pool and laid out walks in the Lily Wood and rest of the estate. This dramatic change led to the gardens being proposed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. She was a patron of the botanist and plant collector Frank Kingdon-Ward.

After she created her garden and the death of her husband, she gave the gardens to the National Trust in 1957. They are regarded by Heritage Island as being one of the best gardens in the British Isles.

A number of gifts received by Lady Londonderry from Queen Mary, Laura Mae Corrigan and Sir Philip Sassoon were auctioned at Sotheby's in 2012.

Lady Londonderry also wrote or edited several books, among which are Henry Chaplin: A Memoir (1926), The Magic Ink-Pot (1928), Retrospect (1938) and Frances Anne: The Life and Times of Frances Anne, Marchioness of Londonderry, and Her Husband, Charles, Third Marquess of Londonderry (1958).

Ancestry

Family of Edith Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Marchioness of Londonderry

16. John Chaplin, of Blankney, Lincolnshire               8. Charles Chaplin, of Blankney, Lincolnshire                       17. Lady Elizabeth Cecil               4. Reverend Henry Chaplin, of Blankney, Lincolnshire                             18. Robert Taylor               9. Elizabeth Taylor                       2. Henry Chaplin, 1st Viscount Chaplin                                   10. William Ellice                       5. Carolina Horatia Ellice                             1. Edith Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Marchioness of Londonderry                                         24. George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland               12. George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke of Sutherland                       25. Elizabeth Gordon, 19th Countess of Sutherland               6. George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 3rd Duke of Sutherland                             26. George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle               13. Lady Harriet Howard                       27. Lady Georgiana Cavendish               3. Lady Florence Sutherland-Leveson-Gower                                   28. Edward Hay-Mackenzie of Newhall and Cromartie               14. John Hay-Mackenzie                       29. The Hon. Maria Murray-Mackenzie               7. Anne Hay-Mackenzie, 1st Countess of Cromartie                             30. Sir James Gibson-Craig, 1st Baronet               15. Anne Gibson-Craig                       31. Anne Thomson

Further reading

• De Courcy, Anne. Society's Queen: The Life of Edith, Marchioness of Londonderry. London: Phoenix, 2004. ISBN 0-7538-1730-6 (Originally published as Circe: The Life of Edith, Marchioness of Londonderry. London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1992. ISBN 1-85619-363-2)

External links

• Archival material relating to Edith Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Marchioness of Londonderry listed at the UK National Archives