Edward King (bishop of Lincoln)

For the Church of Ireland bishop, see Edward King (bishop of Elphin).

Edward King as Bishop of Lincoln, by Leslie Ward, 1890.

Memorial to Edward King by William Blake Richmond in Lincoln Cathedral

Edward King (29 December 1829 - 8 March 1910) was an Anglican bishop.

Life

King was the second son of the Reverend Walker King, the Archdeacon of Rochester and rector of Stone, Kent, and grandson of the Reverend Walker King, Bishop of Rochester; his nephew was the Reverend Robert Stuart King, who played football for England in 1882. His mother, Anne, was the daughter of William Heberden the Younger (1767–1845), Physician in Ordinary to King George III.

King graduated from Oriel College, Oxford. He was ordained in 1854 and four years later became chaplain and lecturer at Cuddesdon Theological College (now Ripon College Cuddesdon). He was principal at Cuddesdon from 1863 to 1873, when the prime minister, William Ewart Gladstone, appointed him Regius Professor of Pastoral Theology at Oxford and canon of Christ Church. King became the principal founder of the leading Anglo-Catholic theological college in the Church of England, St Stephen's House, Oxford, now a Permanent Private Hall of the University of Oxford. To the world outside, King was known at this time as an Anglo-Catholic and one of Edward Pusey's most intimate friends (even serving as a pall-bearer at his funeral in 1882), but in Oxford, and especially among the younger men, he exercised influence by his charm and sincerity. King had also been devoted to his mother, who assisted him at Cuddesdon and Oxford by keeping his house and entertaining guests as his position required. King never married and his mother died in 1883.

A leading member of the English Church Union, King fought prosecutions in lay courts under the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874 (which the Archbishop of Canterbury, Archibald Campbell Tait, and the prime minister, Benjamin Disraeli, had secured over Gladstone's opposition in order to restrict the growing Oxford Movement). In 1879 King's writings concerning Holy Communion were criticised as "Romish" in a pamphlet by a local vicar.

In 1885, upon Gladstone's invitation when he again became prime minister, King accepted consecration as Bishop of Lincoln, which he noted had been the diocese of John Wesley. The consecrating bishops included the Archbishop of Canterbury, Edward White Benson, with presenting bishops John Mackarness of Oxford and Woodford of Ely. Other consecrating bishops were Frederick Temple of London, Bishop Thorold of Rochester, Bishop Wilberforce of Newcastle, Bishop Trollope of Nottingham, Bishop Walsham How of Bedford, Bishop Carter of Ripon and Bishop Bousfield of Pretoria. Although Tait had died in 1882, the Puritan faction continued, including at Lincoln where J. Hanchard published a sketch of King's life, criticizing his Romish tendencies. Beginning in 1888, based on a complaint by a churchwarden from Cleethorpes concerning a service conducted at St Peter at Gowts, Lincoln, funded by the Church Association, King was prosecuted before Archbishop Benson for six ritualistic practices. In his "Lincoln Judgment", Archbishop Benson found Bishop King guilty on two counts and also required him to conduct the manual acts during the prayer of consecration during the Holy Communion service in such a way that the people could see them. Archbishop Benson specifically allowed the use of lighted candles, and mixing of elements, as well as the eastward position during the service. The Church Association appealed the Bishop's process to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, but was denied in 1890. King loyally conformed his practices to the archbishop's judgment. Some considered the process a repudiation of the anti-ritualism movement, though it proved physically and emotionally taxing for King, whose physique had never been particularly robust. Moreover, a decade later, after Frederick Temple succeeded Benson as Archbishop of Canterbury, he and the Archbishop of York prosecuted two priests for using incense and candles, and notified Bishop King of Lincoln of their condemnation, which he abided. Later, many of King's liturgical practices became commonplace, including making the sign of the cross during the absolution and blessing, and mixture of elements during the service, for which the criticisms had been upheld as an innovation.

As bishop, King devoted himself to pastoral work in his diocese, particularly among the poor, both farmers and industrial workers, as well as condemned prisoners. He supported the Guild of Railway men as well as chaplains in the Boer War and missionaries. In 1909 he visited Oxford in his episcopal capacity for the 400th anniversary of Brasenose College. Irrespective of his High Church views, he won the affection and reverence of all classes by his real saintliness of character.

Death and legacy

King died in Lincoln as Matins sounded on 8 March 1910 and was interred in the cathedral's cloister.

The calendar of the Church of England remembers King with the status of a "lesser festival" or "black letter day" on 8 March, the date of his death.

In 2010, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams, scheduled an episcopal visit to Lincoln to commemorate the 100th anniversary of King's death. In addition to citing King's contributions to pastoral theology and reinvention of episcopal practices, in an interview with the local church paper Archbishop Williams called the former prosecution an embarrassment to the church and the state.

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: 

External links

• Project Canterbury: Edward King
• Records relating to Bishop King at Lambeth Palace Library

Church of England titles
Preceded by Christopher Wordsworth	Bishop of Lincoln 1885 – 1910	Succeeded by Edward Lee Hicks