Erich Bey

Erich Bey
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 134-C1959, Erich Bey.jpg
Nickname(s)	Achmed
Born	(1898-03-23)23 March 1898 Hamburg, German Empire
Died	North Cape, Norway
Allegiance	German Empire (to 1918) Weimar Republic (to 1933) Nazi Germany
Service/branch	Kaiserliche Marine Reichsmarine Kriegsmarine
Years of service	1916–1943
Rank	Konteradmiral
Commands held	Z14 Friedrich Ihn 4. Zerstörerflottille
Battles/wars	World War I World War II Battle of the North Cape
Awards	Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Erich Bey (23 March 1898 – 26 December 1943), was a German naval officer who most notably served as a commander of the Kriegsmarine's destroyer forces and commanded the battleship Scharnhorst in the Battle of the North Cape on 26 December 1943, during which the German ship was sunk. He was killed during that action. Bey was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership.

Career

Bey joined the Kaiserliche Marine on 13 June 1916 and served in its destroyer arm. Following the end of World War I, Bey stayed in the weakened German navy, now known as the Reichsmarine. He continued his career with the rise of the Nazi Party in power in Germany, and by the start of World War II was a Fregattenkapitän (frigate captain).

Battle of Narvik

As a Fregattenkapitän (frigate captain) in the Kriegsmarine, Bey led the 4th Destroyer Flotilla, consisting of the destroyers Z11 Bernd von Arnim, Z12 Erich Giese and Z13 Erich Koellner, as part of Kommodore Friedrich Bonte's force that carried General Eduard Dietl's mountain troops for the occupation of Narvik during the German invasion of Norway on 9 April 1940. In the following Battles of Narvik on 10 April and 13 April, Bey distinguished himself by leading a small group of destroyers in a brave though doomed action against a superior Royal Navy force that included the battleship HMS Warspite.

Due to his distinguished service at Narvik, Bey was awarded with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 9 May 1940. The next day he was promoted to Captain and appointed commander of the German destroyer force (Führer der Zerstörer), succeeding Commodore Bonte, who had been killed on 10 April in the first Battle of Narvik.

Operation Cerberus

Captain Bey then commanded the destroyer screen protecting the ships of the Brest Group (Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, Prinz Eugen) during Operation Cerberus (the “Channel Dash”) in February 1942. Of the three, Scharnhorst suffered extensive damage, having struck a naval mine laid off the Dover Straits.

Battle of North Cape

Promoted to Konteradmiral (rear admiral), on Christmas Day, 25 December 1943, Bey led a task force consisting of the battleship Scharnhorst and Z29, Z30, Z33, Z34 and Z38 out of Alta Fjord in Operation Ostfront. The first and only surface sortie ordered by Großadmiral Karl Dönitz, Bey's objective was to intercept the Allied Convoy JW 55B en route to Murmansk.

Bey's initial force of Scharnhorst and five destroyers was superior to the convoy's escorting British cruisers and destroyers in terms of firepower. While Bey's flagship was outmatched by Admiral Bruce Fraser's battleship HMS Duke of York which led another Royal Navy fleet shadowing the convoy, Scharnhorst was expected to use her speed to avoid an engagement with Duke of York.

Poor weather, heavy seas and inadequate Luftwaffe reconnaissance, prevented Bey from initially locating the convoy so he detached his destroyers to fan out and assist in the search. However the storm meant that Bey's destroyers ending up played no part in the battle. Bey guessed correctly and Scharnhorst then managed to locate the convoy by herself. In the first engagement of the ensuing Battle of North Cape, while trading fire with the British convoy's screening cruisers, Scharnhorst's radar was destroyed by a lucky shot fired which rendered her blind. Scharnhorst was then caught by the more powerful HMS Duke of York and suffered critical damage before being sunk after several torpedo hits from British cruisers.

Of Scharnhorst's crew of 1,968, Royal Navy vessels fished 36 men alive from the icy sea, not one of them an officer. According to one of the sailors that survived, he saw Captain Fritz Hintze and Admiral Bey take leave of each other with a handshake and address their men saying "If any of you get out of this alive, say hello to the folks back home, and tell them we did our duty to the last." Bey was reported as having been seen in the water but was not rescued.[1][2]

For his brave command against the superior odds, Bey received the admiration of his British counterpart, Admiral Bruce Fraser, who commanded the British forces during the Battle of North Cape. When Admiral Fraser briefed his officers on board Duke of York later on the evening of 26 December 1943 he said: "Gentlemen, the battle against Scharnhorst has ended in victory for us. I hope that if any of you are ever called upon to lead a ship into action against an opponent many times superior, you will command your ship as gallantly as Scharnhorst was commanded today".

Awards

• Iron Cross (1914), 2nd Class
• Hanseatic Cross, Hamburg
• Prussian Lifesaving Medal on band
• Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918
• Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th to 2nd Class
• Memel Medal
• Sudetenland Medal
• Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939), 2nd Class (16 October 1939)
• Iron Cross (1939), 1st Class (20 November 1939)
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 9 May 1940 as Kapitän zur See and chief of the 4. Zerstörer-Flottille
• Destroyer War Badge (October 1940)
• Narvik Shield (1940)
• Mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht on 27 December 1943

Reference in the Wehrmachtbericht

Date	Original German Wehrmachtbericht wording	Direct English translation
27 December 1943	Am 26. Dezember hat ein Verband deutscher Seestreitkräfte unter Führung des Konteradmirals Bey im Nordmeer einen für die Sowjetunion bestimmten Geleitzug angegriffen und ihm sowie den feindlichen Sicherungsstreitkräften schwere Schäden zugeführt. In lang anhaltenden Gefechten mit weit überlegenen englischen Seestreitkräften ist das unter dem Kommando des Kapitäns zur See Hintze stehende Schlachtschiff "Scharnhorst" nach heldenhaftem Kampf, bis zur letzten Granate feuernd, gesunken.	A German sea task force under the leadership of Counter Admiral Bey attacked a convoy heading for the Soviet Union and damaged it and its security forces severely on 26 December. The battleship "Scharnhorst" under the command of Captain at Sea Hintze sank in prolonged and heroic combat, firing to the last shell, with superior British sea forces.

References

Bibliography

• Claasen, A.R.A.: Hitler's Northern War: The Luftwaffe’s Ill-Fated Campaign, 1940–1945. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2001. ISBN 0-7006-1050-2 pp. 92–93, 230–232

External links

• Erich Bey at the German Knight’s Cross recipient site (German)
• Persons involved with Norway during World War II

Military offices
Preceded by none	Chief of the 4. Zerstörerflottille April 1939 – 13 April 1940	Succeeded by disbanded
Preceded by none	Chief of the 6. Zerstörerflottille 14 May 1940 – 1 November 1940	Succeeded by Kapitän zur See Alfred Schulze-Hinrichs
Preceded by Kapitän zur See Friedrich Bonte	Führer der Zerstörer 10 April 1940 – 14 April 1940	Succeeded by Korvettenkapitän Alfred Schemmel
Preceded by Korvettenkapitän Alfred Schemmel	Führer der Zerstörer 14 May 1940 – 26 December 1943	Succeeded by Kapitän zur See Max-Eckart Wolff