Eriocaulon

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Eriocaulon
File:Eriocaulon nudicuspe.JPG
Eriocaulon nudicuspe
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
(unranked):
Commelinids
Order:
Poales
Family:
Eriocaulaceae
Genus:
Eriocaulon
Synonyms[2]
  • Cespa Hill
  • Nasmythia Huds.
  • Randalia P.Beauv. ex Desv.
  • Sphaerochloa P.Beauv. ex Desv.
  • Symphachne P.Beauv. ex Desv.
  • Leucocephala Roxb.
  • Busseuillia R.Lesson
  • Chaetodiscus Steud.
  • Electrosperma F.Muell.
  • Dichrolepis Welw.
  • Lasiolepis Boeckeler

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Eriocaulon is a genus of about 400 species commonly known as pipeworts, of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Eriocaulaceae. The genus is widely distributed, with the centers of diversity for the group occurring in tropical regions, particularly southern Asia and the Americas. A few species extend to temperate regions, with ca. 10 species in the United States, mostly in the southern states from California to Florida, and only two species in Canada; China has 35 species, also mostly southern. Only one species (E. aquaticum) occurs in Europe, where it is confined to the Atlantic Ocean coasts of Scotland and Ireland;[3] this species also occurs in eastern North America and is thought to be a relatively recent natural colonist in Europe. In the Americas, Eriocaulon is the only genus in its family that occurs north of Florida.[4] They tend to be associated with wet soils, many growing in shallow water, in wetlands, or in wet savannas like flatwoods. In wet soils, their abundance appears to be related to water levels, fire frequency, and competition from other plants such as grasses. Experiments have shown that they are weak competitors compared to many other wetland plant species.[5] Some species can persist as buried seeds during unfavorable conditions.[6] The scientific name is derived from Ancient Greek εριον, erion, meaning 'wool', and καυλός, caulos, meaning 'stalk'.[7]

The species are mostly herbaceous perennial plants, though some are annual plants; they resemble plants in the related families Cyperaceae (sedges) and Juncaceae (rushes), and like them, have rather small, wind-pollinated flowers.

Selected species

Names were sourced from official sources including: the Flora of North America,[8] the Flora of China,[9] currently accepted Australian taxa from the Australian Plant Name Index,[1] etc..

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Eriocaulon decangulare
File:Eriocaulon heterolepis in Narshapur, AP W IMG 0947.jpg
Eriocaulon heterolepis
File:Eriocaulon madayiparense Type specimen.jpg
Eriocaulon madayiparense type specimen
File:Eriocaulon scariosum 1.jpg
Eriocaulon scariosum
Species accepted by the authoritative Australian Plant Census, informally named, described and published awaiting formal publication
  • Eriocaulon sp. C Kimberley Flora (G.J.Keighery 4610) WA Herbarium – WA, Australia
  • Eriocaulon sp. E Kimberley Flora (A.S.George 12635) WA Herbarium – WA, Australia
  • Eriocaulon sp. G Kimberley Flora (K.F.Kenneally 11374E) WA Herbarium – WA, Australia
  • Eriocaulon sp. Harding Range (M.D.Barrett & R.L.Barrett MDB 1826) WA Herbarium – WA, Australia
  • Eriocaulon sp. Theda (M.D.Barrett MDB 2063) WA Herbarium – WA, Australia

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. ↑ Sculthorpe, C. D. The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants. Edward Arnold. London. 1967. Reprinted 1985. Figure 11.6.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Wilson, S. D. and P. A. Keddy. 1986. Species competitive ability and position along a natural stress/disturbance gradient. Ecology 67:1236-1242.
  6. ↑ Keddy, P. A. and A. A. Reznicek. 1982. The role of seed banks in the persistence of Ontario's coastal plain flora. American Journal of Botany 69:13-22.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Eriocaulon madayiparense.
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