Eriskay

Not to be confused with Eriska.

Eriskay

Gaelic name	<phonos file="Eirisgeidh.ogg">Èirisgeigh</phonos>
Norse name	Eiriksey
Meaning of name	Eric's Isle
Location
Eriskay Eriskay shown within the Outer Hebrides
OS grid reference	NF795104
Physical geography
Island group	Uist and Barra
Area	703 hectares (2.7 sq mi)
Area rank	63
Highest elevation	Beinn Sciathan 185.6 metres (609 ft)
Political geography
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Country	Scotland
Council area	Outer Hebrides
Demographics
Population	143
Population rank	40
Population density	20.3 people/km2
References

Eriskay (Scottish Gaelic: Èirisgeigh, pronounced [ˈeɾʲiʃkʲej]), from the Old Norse for "Eric's Isle", is an island and community council area of the Outer Hebrides in northern Scotland. It lies between South Uist and Barra and is connected to South Uist by a causeway which was opened in 2001. In the same year Eriskay became the ferry terminal for travelling between South Uist and Barra. The Caledonian MacBrayne vehicular ferry travels between Ceann a' Ghàraidh in Eriskay and Ardmore in Barra. The crossing takes around 40 minutes.

Geography

Eriskay and surrounding islands

Although only a small island (about 2.5 by 1.5 miles, 4.0 km × 2.4 km), Eriskay has many claims to fame that have made the island well-known far beyond the Hebrides. It is associated with the traditional Hebridean song, the Eriskay Love Lilt; with the Eriskay pony and the Eriskay jersey (made without any seams). It is the real Whisky Galore! island: it was just off Eriskay that the SS Politician ran aground in 1941 with its famous cargo. On 2 August 1745 the privateer Du Teillay landed Bonnie Prince Charlie with his "seven men of Moidart" on Eriskay to start the 'Forty-Five Jacobite Rising. An important early documentary film, Eriskay: A Poem of Remote Lives, made by a German traveller, Werner Kissling, was set on the island.

There is a well-stocked shop in Eriskay, a community centre and the Politician Lounge Bar (named after the ship which serendipitously ran aground and famously provided the island with a generous supply of free whisky). The Roman Catholic church of St. Michael's sits on a hill overlooking the main village on Eriskay. It celebrated its centenary in 2003, having been built by Father Allan MacDonald in 1903. The site of the old church is marked by a memorial garden with a statue of the Virgin Mary, overlooking the Sound of Barra.

Transport

Caledonian MacBrayne
Legend
Lochboisdale, South Uist to Mallaig Eriskay Ardmore, Barra Castlebay, Barra Baile Mòr, Iona Fionnphort, Mull Tobermory, Mull Kilchoan Fishnish, Mull Lochaline Craignure, Mull Scarinish, Tiree Arinagour, Coll Achnacroish, Lismore Scalasaig, Colonsay to Port Askaig & Kennacraig Oban to Glasgow Queen Street

Eriskay is traversed by a number of mountain paths and tracks, and has just a single motor road. The first stretch of that road was built in 1935, funded through proceeds from the first showing in London of the Werner Kissling film.

There is a regular bus service on the island which forms part of the "Spine Route" between Eriskay Slipway and Berneray via South Uist, Benbecula and North Uist. Services are provided by DA Travel, Grenitote Travel, Hebridean Coaches and Royal Mail Postbus, with funding from Comhairle nan Eilean Siar.

In 2009 the previous primitive quay facilities at the excellent natural harbour of Acarsaid Mhòr were extended and modernised, with improved vehicular access. Some smaller fishing boats continue - at least if the tides and weather are favourable - to use the shelving bay at Haun (from the Viking for 'harbour' - but scarcely with sufficient shelter to constitute a harbour in practice). Acarsaid Mhòr is also used by visiting yachts.

Crofting

File:L1010741.JPG

The Eriskay shore

Following the establishment of the first Crofting Commission in the 1880s, the whole of the island - together with the small adjoining Stack Island - were incorporated into the crofting townships - as below - of

• Acarsaid Mhòr - 14 crofts, 10 shares
• Am Baile (Balla) - 16 crofts, 15 shares
• Bun a' Mhuillinn - 10 crofts, 10 shares
• Coilleag - 10 crofts, 10 shares
• Na Hann (Haun) - 6 crofts, 4 shares
• Na Pàirceannan (Parks) - 4 crofts, 4 shares
• Roisinis (Roshinish) - 4 crofts, 6 shares
• Rudha Bàn - 9 crofts, 5 shares
• Total - 73 crofts, 64 shares

The souming (a word originating in the Viking era) for each full share gives the right to put, on the common grazings (the high ground of Beinn Sgiathan and Beinn Stac), 10 sheep, 2 cows and 1 eriskay pony (all plus their 'followers' - young up to 1 year old). Most crofts have one full share, but many have a half share, and a few have 2 shares, and one croft has as many as 3 shares.

The crofts are small (typically five hectares or less) and the land is rocky and exposed to harsh weather. These days, very few crofts are actively worked: there is little economic return in relation to the effort, and although there is a strong cultural attachment to the land, the demands and distractions of modern life leave little time for tending livestock and manual work. Much of the best grazing land - the machair of the north west of the island - has been compromised by house-building and the increasing opposition to the free-range grazing of cattle and sheep during the winter. Now, the most actively worked crofts are in the township of Bun a' Mhuillin.

The island's common grazings, and the grazing of croft inbye land during the winter months, are regulated by the Eriskay Grazings Committee, the members of which serve a three-year term, supported by a Grazings Clerk, and according to the Grazings Regulations as provided for in the Crofting Acts.

Community buy-out

After a protracted campaign local residents took control of the island on 30 November 2006 in a community buy-out. The previous landowners, a sporting syndicate, sold the assets of the 372 square kilometres (92,000 acres) estate including Benbecula, South Uist and Eriskay for £4.5 million to a community-owned organisation known as Stòras Uibhist which was set up to purchase the land and to manage it in perpetuity.

Emigration

Eriskay, looking north towards Easabhal on South Uist.

Many Eriskay families have had to leave the island in recent years in search of work and some historic island families have few or no descendants left on the island. An example of these families is the MacInnes' who were a prominent island family at the time of the Kissling film but now number just four members of the extended family dwelling on the island, and active in crofting, shell-fishing, building work, as well contributing to the community.

Many of those who leave for the mainland are young as - in common with remoter rural areas generally - there are few work opportunities and limited access to further/higher education. To move away from home and find a way in the world is in most cases all to the good, but the real problem for Eriskay is the lack of opportunity and means to return to the islands whilst still young enough to make the greatest possible contribution to their native land.

The island's population was 143 as recorded by the 2011 census an increase of 7.5% since 2001 when there were 133 usual residents. During the same period Scottish island populations as a whole grew by 4% to 103,702.

Tourism

Tourism has been slow to develop. As of 2010 there are no hotels, two or three bed and breakfast establishments, and until recently few self-catering cottages or houses. Since the completion in 2001 of the causeway to South Uist and the inauguration of the vehicle ferry to Barra, a number of properties have been professionally renovated or purpose-built as holiday accommodation. The machair and beaches from Coilleag a' Phrionnsa to Rudha Bàn are increasingly popular with visitors travelling with their motor-homes.

Wildlife

Sea bindweed, which is not native to the Hebrides grows on the island. Its presence there is said to stem from the arrival of the "Bonnie Prince", who accidentally dropped the seeds when he pulled a handkerchief from his pocket.

Residents and visitors

• Allan MacDonald (poet) (1859–1905), a Roman Catholic priest, Scottish Gaelic poet, and activist for crofters' rights lived on Eriskay.
• Prince Charles and Princess Diana visited the island during their tour of the Western Isles in July 1985.
• Father Calum (Malcolm Joseph) MacLellan (1926-2012) priest, appearing in series 5 and 6 of An Island Parish, first vice-convener of Comhairle nan Eilean Siar.

External links

• Am Paipear Community Newspaper
• Storas Uibhist - Landed estate including Eriskay, owned by the community.
• Eriskay Grazings - Official portal of the Management Committee for the Eriskay Common Grazings
• Eriskay Shop - Community-owned shop (with post office)
• "Eriskay, 1934" Video (Werner Kissling)
• Legislation relating to construction of causeway
• National Library of Scotland: SCOTTISH SCREEN ARCHIVE (selection of archive films about Eriskay)]
• Uist & Eriskay Community News and Information Resource
• Scotsman photos of royal visit to Eriskay in 1985