European Canadian

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European Canadians
Total population
(25,186,890[1]
76.6% of the total Canadian population[dubious ] (2011)
)
Regions with significant populations
All areas of Canada
Languages
Mostly English • French • Historically Scottish Gaelic • Irish were spoken in certain regions
Religion
Predominantly Christian
also Judaism • Deism • Agnostic • Atheist • Muslim • Baha'i • pagan/Wiccan • Unitarian Universalism

European Canadians (also known as Euro-Canadians) are Canadians with ancestry from Europe.[2]

The French were the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now Canada. Hélène Desportes is considered the first white child born in New France. She was born circa 1620, to Pierre Desportes (born Lisieux, Normandie, France) and Françoise Langlois.[3]

In the 2006 census, the largest European ancestry groups were English (21.03%), French (15.82%), Scottish (15.11%), Irish (13.94%), German (10.18%), Italian (4.63%). However, the country's largest self-reported ethnic origin is "Canadian" (accounting for 32.22% of the population). Since 1996, "Canadian" as an ethnic group has been added to census questionnaires for possible ancestry. English-Canadians, British-Canadians and French-Canadians are considered an under-count.[4] In the National Household Survey Profile, Canada, 2011 10,563,805 people identified as "Canadian" as their ethnic group.[5]

Number of European Canadians

Year Population  % of Canada R Year Population  % of Canada R
1871 3,433,315 98.5%1 [6][7][8] 1971 20,763,915 96.3% [9][7]
1881 4,146,900 95.9%1 [10][8] 1981 22,402,000 93.0% [11]
1901 5,170,522 96.0%1 [12][8] 1991
1911 7,005,583 94.35%1 [13][8] 1996
1921 8,568,584 96.0%1 [14][8] 2001
1931 10,134,313 97.7% [15][8] 2011 20,157,965 ND% [16]
1941 11,242,868 97.8% [17][7] 2016 ND ND
1951 13,582,574 96.83% [18][7]
1961 17,653,864 96.8% [19][7]
1966 ND 96.8% [20][7]
^1 Census of 1871, 1881, 1901, 1911, 1921.[21]

The table shows the European-Canadian population showing a gradual increase from the 1871 Census, however, their proportion of the total Canadian population has been decreasing gradually since the mid-twentieth century to the most recent census in 2011. Canada enumerated its population by race between 1871 to 1971 and ethnic origins.

Today

Europeans are still the largest ethnic group in Canada. Elements of Aboriginal, French, British and more recent immigrant customs, languages and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada and thus a Canadian identity. Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbour, the United States.

Cultural icons

George Stanley designer of the current Canadian flag.

Flag

Music

Another area of cultural influence are Canadian Patriotic songs:

  • The Maple Leaf Forever - is an older but unofficial national anthem written by Scotsman Alexander Muir in 1867.[26] It was in consideration for official national anthem, however, no French version was ever written, so, it was never popular with Francophones.[27]

Sport

  • Ice Hockey - British soldiers and immigrants to Canada and the United States brought their stick-and-ball games with them and played them on the ice and snow of winter. Ice hockey was first played in Canada during the early nineteenth century, based on similar sports such as field hockey that were played in Europe.[28] The sport was originally played with a stick and ball, but in 1860 a group of English veterans from the Royal Canadian Rifle Regiment played a game in Kingston, Ontario, utilising a puck for what is believed to be the first time. This match, played on the frozen harbour by the city, is sometimes considered to be the birth of modern ice hockey.[29]

European ethnic origins table

Origins 18711 % 19513 % 2006[30] % 20114 % Change 2006-2011
Albania Albanian 22,395 28,270
Armenia Armenian 50,500 55,740
Austria Austrian 32,231 194,255 197,990
Belgium Belgian 35,148 168,910 176,615
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian 21,045 22,920
United Kingdom British Isles 403,915 576,030
United Kingdom Other British 7,773 0.2% 92,236
Bulgaria Bulgarian 27,255 30,485
Canada Canadian 10,066,290 32.22% 10,563,805 32.1%
Croatia Croatian 110,880 114,880
Czech Republic Czech 98,090 94,805
Czech and Slovak 63,959
Denmark Danish 42,671 200,035 203,080
Doukhobor
Netherlands Dutch 29,662 0.85% 264,267 1,035,965 3.32% 1,067,245 3.2%
England English 706,369 20.3% 3,630,344 25.9% 6,570,015 21.03% 6,509,500 19.8%
Estonia Estonian 23,930 23,180
Finland Finnish 43,745 131,040 136,215
France French
(incl. Acadian)
1,082,940 31.07% 4,319,167 30.83% 4,941,210 15.82% 5,077,215 15.4%
Georgia (country) Georgian 2,200 3,155
Germany German 202,991 5.82% 619,995 3,179,425 10.18% 3,203,330 9.7%
Greece Greek 39 0.0% 13,966 242,685 252,960
Hungary Hungarian 60,460 315,510 316,765
Iceland Icelandic 23,307 88,875 94,205
Republic of Ireland Irish 846,414 24.3% 1,439,635 4,354,155 13.94% 4,544,870 13.8%
Italy Italian 1,035 0.03% 152,245 1,445,335 4.63% 1,488,425 4.5%
Jewish 181,670 1.30%
Latvia Latvian 27,870 27,355
Liechtenstein Liechtensteiner
Lithuania Lithuanian 16,224 46,690 49,130
Luxembourg Luxembourger 3,160 3,790
Republic of Macedonia Macedonian 37,055 36,985
Malta Maltese 37,120 38,780
Moldova Moldovan 8,050
Monaco Monégasque
Montenegro Montenegrin 2,370 2,970
Norway Norwegian 119,266 432,515 452,705
Poland Polish 219,845 984,565 3.15% 1,010,705
Portugal Portuguese 410,850 429,850
Romania Romanian 23,601 192,170 204,625
Russia Russian 607 0.02% 91,279 500,600 1.60% 550,520
Scandinavian2 1,623 0.0%
Scotland Scottish 549,946 15.8% 1,547,470 4,719,850 15.11% 4,714,970 14.3%
Serbia Serbian 72,690 80,320
Slovakia Slovak 64,145 66,545
Slovenia Slovene 35,935 37,170
San Marino Sammarinese
Spain Spanish 325,730 1.04% 368,305
Sweden Swedish 97,780 334,765 1.07% 341,845
Switzerland Swiss 2,962 0.1% 137,775 146,830
Ukraine Ukrainian 395,043 1,209,085 3.87% 1,251,170 3.8%
Wales Welsh 440,965 1.41% 458,705
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav 21,404 65,305 48,320
Europe Other European 3,791 0.0% 35,616 35,795 48,760
United Kingdom Total British 2,110,502 60.6% 6,709,685 47.89%
Canada Canada 3,433,315 98.49% 13,582,574 96.83% 20,157,9654 N/A
Source:^1 First census of the Canadian federation.[31] The figures for 1871 are for the four original provinces only.
^2 Includes Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish.
^3 Canada 1951 Census[32][33]
^4 Canada 2011 Census National Household Survey: Data tables[34] An extra 32% or 10,563,805 people identified as "Canadian" as their ethnic group, many are
of European origins.

See also

References

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  2. www.oxforddictionaries.com Euro-Canadian definition
  3. Bennett, Ethel M. G. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online. 2000. "Hélène Desportes". Accessed August 10, 2007.
  4. The Changing Face of Canada: Essential Readings in Population
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  6. Ethnic origins Census of Canada (Page: 17)
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Table 1: Population by Ethnic Origin, Canada, 1921-1971 Page: 2
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  9. Ethnic origins Census of Canada (Page: 17)
  10. Ethnic origins Census of Canada (Page: 17)
  11. Nationalism and National Integration By Anthony H. Birch (Page: 169)
  12. Ethnic origins Census of Canada (Page: 17)
  13. Ethnic origins Census of Canada (Page: 17)
  14. Ethnic origins Census of Canada (Page: 17)
  15. Ethnic origins Census of Canada (Page: 17)
  16. "National Household Survey Profile". Statistics Canada. 2011. A total of 25,186,890 indicated "European Origins".
  17. Ethnic origins Census of Canada (Page: 17)
  18. Ethnic origins Census of Canada (Page: 17)
  19. Ethnic origins Census of Canada (Page: 17)
  20. Ethnic origins Census of Canada (Page: 17)
  21. CANADA - ORIGINS OF THE PEOPLE ACCORDING TO THE CENSUSES OF 1871, 1881, 1901, 1911 AND 1921. (Page: 134-135)
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  31. CANADA - ORIGINS OF THE PEOPLE ACCORDING TO THE CENSUSES OF 1871, 1881, 1901, 1911 AND 1921. (Page: 134-135)
  32. Multiculturalism and Immigration in Canada: An Introductory Reader By Elspeth Cameron (Page: 73-73)
  33. Statistics Canada Distribution of the population, by ethnic group, census years 1941, 1951 and 1961
  34. 2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Further reading

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  • Kralt, John. "Country of Birth of Parents And Ethnic Origins - A Comparison of Reporting Patterns in the 2001 Census,"
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.; 1300pp; comprehensive scholarly coverage of every group
  • McLean, Lorna R. "Education, identity, and citizenship in early modern Canada." Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d'études canadiennes 41.1 (2007): 5-30.
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Statistical

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