File:India-Pakistan Borderlands at Night.JPG
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Summary
Clusters of <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Yellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow">yellow</a> lights on the Indo-Gangetic Plain reveal numerous <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cities" title="Category:Cities">cities</a> large and small in this astronaut photograph of northern <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and northern <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>.
- Of the hundreds of clusters, the largest are the capital cities of <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Islamabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>, Pakistan, and <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, India. (For scale, these metropolitan areas are approximately 700 kilometres apart.) The lines of major highways connecting the cities also stand out. More subtle, but still visible at night, are the general outlines of the towering and partly cloud-covered <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> to the north (image left).
- A striking feature is the line of lights, with a distinctly <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Orange" class="mw-disambig" title="Orange">orange</a> <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hue" title="Category:Hue">hue</a>, snaking across the centre of the image. It appears to be more continuous and brighter than most highways in the view. This is the fenced and floodlit border zone between India and Pakistan. The fence is designed to discourage <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Smuggling" title="Category:Smuggling">smuggling</a> and arms trafficking. A similar fenced zone separates India’s eastern border from <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> (not visible).
- This image was taken with a 16 mm lens, which provides the wide field of view, as the <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> (ISS) was tracking towards the south-east across India. The ISS crew took the image as part of a continuous series of frames, each with a one-second <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Exposure" class="mw-redirect" title="Exposure">exposure</a> time to maximize <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Light" title="Light">light</a> collection. Unfortunately, this also causes <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Blurring" title="Category:Blurring">blurring</a> of some ground features.
- The distinct, bright zone above the horizon (visible at image top) is air-glow, a phenomena caused by excitation of <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Atoms" title="Category:Atoms">atoms</a> and <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Molecules" title="Category:Molecules">molecules</a> high in the <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a> (above 80 kilometres) by ultraviolet radiation from the <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>. Part of the ISS <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Permanent_Multi-Purpose_Module" title="Category:Permanent Multi-Purpose Module">Permanent Multipurpose Module</a> and a <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">solar panel</a> array are visible at image right.
Licensing
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File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 15:42, 4 January 2017 | | 4,256 × 2,832 (3.11 MB) | 127.0.0.1 (talk) | Clusters of <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Yellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow">yellow</a> lights on the Indo-Gangetic Plain reveal numerous <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cities" title="Category:Cities">cities</a> large and small in this astronaut photograph of northern <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and northern <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. <ul><li>Of the hundreds of clusters, the largest are the capital cities of <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Islamabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>, Pakistan, and <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, India. (For scale, these metropolitan areas are approximately 700 kilometres apart.) The lines of major highways connecting the cities also stand out. More subtle, but still visible at night, are the general outlines of the towering and partly cloud-covered <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> to the north (image left).</li></ul> <ul><li>A striking feature is the line of lights, with a distinctly <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Orange" class="mw-disambig" title="Orange">orange</a> <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hue" title="Category:Hue">hue</a>, snaking across the centre of the image. It appears to be more continuous and brighter than most highways in the view. This is the fenced and floodlit border zone between India and Pakistan. The fence is designed to discourage <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Smuggling" title="Category:Smuggling">smuggling</a> and arms trafficking. A similar fenced zone separates India’s eastern border from <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> (not visible).</li></ul> <ul><li>This image was taken with a 16 mm lens, which provides the wide field of view, as the <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> (ISS) was tracking towards the south-east across India. The ISS crew took the image as part of a continuous series of frames, each with a one-second <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Exposure" class="mw-redirect" title="Exposure">exposure</a> time to maximize <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Light" title="Light">light</a> collection. Unfortunately, this also causes <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Blurring" title="Category:Blurring">blurring</a> of some ground features.</li></ul> <ul><li>The distinct, bright zone above the horizon (visible at image top) is air-glow, a phenomena caused by excitation of <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Atoms" title="Category:Atoms">atoms</a> and <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Molecules" title="Category:Molecules">molecules</a> high in the <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a> (above 80 kilometres) by ultraviolet radiation from the <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>. Part of the ISS <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Permanent_Multi-Purpose_Module" title="Category:Permanent Multi-Purpose Module">Permanent Multipurpose Module</a> and a <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">solar panel</a> array are visible at image right.</li></ul> |
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