Fort Vieux Logis

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Fort Vieux Logis
GrandPreMonuments.jpg
Established 1749 - 1754
Location Hortonville, Nova Scotia, Canada
Type National Historic Site
Website Grand Pre National Historic Park

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Fort Vieux Logis was a small British frontier fort built at present-day Hortonville, Nova Scotia, Canada (formerly part of Grand Pre) in 1749, during Father Le Loutre's War (1749).[1][2] Ranger John Gorham moved a blockhouse he erected in Annapolis Royal in 1744 to the site of Vieux Logis.[3][4][5] [6] The fort was in use until 1754.[7][8] The British rebuilt the fort again during the French and Indian War and named it Fort Montague (1760).

The site of the fort is near the field where the Acadian Cross and the New England Planter's monument are located. Despite archeological efforts, the exact location of the fort is unknown.[9]

Despite the British Conquest of Acadia in 1710, Nova Scotia remained primarily occupied by Catholic Acadians and Mi'kmaq. During King George's War, the British tried to occupy further up the Bay of Fundy, starting with Grand Pre. They built a palisade which was involved with in the Siege of Grand Pre.

Father Le Loutre’s War

Captain Nicholas Cox, commander (1753-54)

Father Le Loutre's War began when Edward Cornwallis arrived to establish Halifax with 13 transports on June 21, 1749.[10] By unilaterally establishing Halifax the British were violating earlier treaties with the Mi'kmaq (1726), which were signed after Father Rale's War.[11] The British quickly began to build other settlements. To guard against Mi'kmaq, Acadian and French attacks on the new Protestant settlements, British fortifications were erected in Halifax (1749), Bedford (Fort Sackville) (1749), Dartmouth (1750), Lunenburg (1753) and Lawrencetown (1754).[12]

Within 18 months of establishing Halifax, the British also took firm control of peninsula Nova Scotia by building fortifications in all the major Acadian communities: present-day Windsor (Fort Edward); Grand Pre (Fort Vieux Logis) and Chignecto (Fort Lawrence). (A British fort already existed at the other major Acadian centre of Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia. Cobequid remained without a fort.)[12] The fort was created to help prevent the Acadian Exodus from the region.[13]

Siege of Grand Pre

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Main article: Siege of Grand Pre
40th Regiment of Foot by David Morier, 1751

On November 27, 1749, 300 of the Wabanaki Confederacy (Mi'kmaq, Maliseet) and Acadians attacked the British Fort Vieux Logis. The fort was under the command of Captain John Handfield.[14] While surveying the fort's environs, Lieutenant John Hamilton and eighteen soldiers (including Captain Handfield's son John) under his command were captured.[15] After the British soldiers were captured, the native and Acadian militias made several attempts over the next week to lay siege to the fort before breaking off the engagement. Gorham’s Rangers was sent to relieve the fort. When he arrived the militia had already departed with the prisoners. The prisoners spent several years in captivity before being ransomed.[16]

In 1750, six British soldiers from the 40th Regiment of Foot tried to desert the fort. Cornwallis sentenced them to death. Two of them were shot. Three of them were hanged and their bodies left to hang in chains.[17][18]

The first raid on Halifax happened in October 1750, while in the woods on peninsular Halifax; Mi'kmaq scalped two British people and took six prisoner: Cornwallis' gardener, his son were tortured and scalped. The Mi'kmaq buried the son while the gardener's body was left behind. Cornwallis presumed the other six prisoners were also killed and it was not until five months later he discovered they were being held prisoner at Grand Pre. In response, Cornwallis had soldiers from Fort Vieux Logis take ransom the local priest until the six British prisoners were released.[19][20]

Fort Montague, Charles Morris Map 1760

November 1, 1753, Captain Cox was the commander of Fort Vieux Logis.[21]

The improvised nature of the fort, whose palisade was so low that snow drifts often buried them, and its exposed location, overlooked by nearby hills, led the British to abandon it in 1754. When new British troops were sent to Grand Pre for the Expulsion of the Acadians in 1755, they chose the church at Grand Pre as their base instead.[22]

The blockhouse was rebuilt in 1760 and named Fort Montague, named after Montague Wilmot.[3]

Commanders

See also

References

Texts

  • Grenier, John. The Far Reaches of Empire. War in Nova Scotia, 1710-1760. Norman: U of Oklahoma P, 2008.
  • Griffiths, Naomi Elizabeth Saundaus. From Migrant to Acadian: A North American border people, 1604-1755. Montreal, Kingston: McGill-Queen's UP, 2005.
  • Murdoch, Beamish. A History of Nova Scotia, Or Acadia. Vol 2. LaVergne: BiblioBazaar, 2009. pp. 166–167
  • Wicken, William. Mi'kmaq Treaties on Trial: History, Land, and Donald Marshall Junior. University of Toronto Press. 2002.
  • Young, Richard. “Blockhouses in Canada, 1749-1841: a Comparative Report and Catalogue.” Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History, Canadian Historic Site, 1980.

Endnotes

  1. ↑ Northeast Archaeological Research http://www.northeastarch.com/vieux_logis.html
  2. ↑ Beamish Murdoch. A History of Nova Scotia. Vol. 2. p. 226
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 http://www.northamericanforts.com/Canada/ns.html#mohawk
  4. ↑ http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/mohawk-monument-annapolis-royal-nova-scotia.htm
  5. ↑ The fort at Annapolis Royal was named Fort Mohawk (first built by Mohawks under Major John Livingston in 1712).
  6. ↑ https://archive.org/stream/historyofkingsco00eato#page/426/mode/2up
  7. ↑ https://archive.org/stream/selectionsfrompu00nova#page/n115/mode/1up
  8. ↑ https://archive.org/stream/selectionsfrompu00nova#page/n118/mode/1up
  9. ↑ Fort Vieux Logis
  10. ↑ Grenier, John. The Far Reaches of Empire. War in Nova Scotia, 1710-1760. Norman: U of Oklahoma P, 2008; Thomas Beamish Akins. History of Halifax, Brookhouse Press. 1895. (2002 edition). p 7
  11. ↑ Wicken, p. 181; Griffith, p. 390; Also see http://www.northeastarch.com/vieux_logis.html
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 John Grenier. The Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia, 1710-1760. Oklahoma University Press.
  13. ↑ Salusbury, Expeditions of Honour edited by Rompkey p. 91
  14. ↑ Canadian Biography
  15. ↑ John Hamilton's letter to Governor Cornwallis http://www.handfield.ca/documentsen/appendix1.htm
  16. ↑ See Faragher 262; Griffith 392; Murdoch, 166-167; Grenier, p. 153; and http://www.northeastarch.com/vieux_logis.html).
  17. ↑ Beamish Murdoch. A History of Nova Scotia. Vol. 2. p. 180
  18. ↑ http://www.militaryheritage.com/40th.htm
  19. ↑ A genuine narrative of the transactions in Nova Scotia since the settlement, June 1749, till August the 5th, 1751 : in which the nature, soil, and produce of the country are related, with the particular attempts of the Indians to disturb the colony / by John Wilson p. 15
  20. ↑ ; Atkins puts the month of this raid in July and writes that there were six British attacked, two were scalped and four were taken prisoner and never seen again. Thomas Atkins. History of Halifax City. Brook House Press. 2002 (reprinted 1895 edition). p 334
  21. ↑ Beamish Murdoch. a History of Nova Scotia Vol 2, p. 225.
  22. ↑ "Fort Vieux Logis", Recent Projects
  23. ↑ http://www.forgottenbooks.com/readbook_text/Chapters_in_the_History_of_Halifax_Nova_Scotia_1000505131/549

External links

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