Fort Yukon, Alaska

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Fort Yukon
Gwichyaa Zheh
City
Fort Yukon is located in Alaska
Fort Yukon
Fort Yukon
Location in Alaska
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Country United States
State Alaska
Census Area Yukon-Koyukuk
Incorporated February 17, 1959[1]
Government
 • Mayor Twila Strom[2]
 • State senator Click Bishop (R)
 • State rep. Dave Talerico (R)
Area
 • Total 7.4 sq mi (19.2 km2)
 • Land 7 sq mi (18.1 km2)
 • Water 0.4 sq mi (1.1 km2)
Elevation 427 ft (130 m)
Population (2010)
 • Total 583
Time zone Alaska (AKST) (UTC-9)
 • Summer (DST) AKDT (UTC-8)
ZIP code 99740
Area code 907
FIPS code 02-26760

Fort Yukon (Gwichyaa Zheh[3] in Gwich’in, originally, Gwich’in: Gwicyaa Zhee; translation: "house on the Flats")[4] is a city in the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. The population, predominately Gwich'in Alaska Natives, was 583 at the 2010 census.

Fort Yukon is the hometown of Alaska Congressman Don Young. It is served by Fort Yukon Airport. It is also known for having the record highest temperature in Alaska.

History

This area north of the Arctic Circle was occupied for thousands of years by cultures of indigenous people and in historic times by the Gwich’in people.

What became the village of Fort Yukon developed from a trading post, Fort Yukon, established by Alexander Hunter Murray of the Hudson's Bay Company, on 25 June 1847. Murray drew numerous sketches of fur trade posts and of people and wrote the Journal of the Yukon, 1847–48, which gave valuable insight into the culture of the Gwich’in at the time. While the post was in Russian America, the Hudson's Bay Company continued to trade there until the American traders expelled it in 1869, following the Alaska Purchase when the Alaska Commercial Company took over the post.

During the Klondike Gold Rush, in the winter of 1897-1898, Fort Yukon received two hundred prospectors from Dawson City, which was short of supply.[5] A post office was established on July 12, 1898 with John Hawksly as its first postmaster. The settlement suffered over the following decades as a result of several infectious disease epidemics and a 1949 flood.

During the 1950s, the United States Air Force established a base and radar station at Fort Yukon; the town was officially incorporated in 1959. Since the late 20th century, due in part to its extreme northerly location and its proximity to Fairbanks, it has become a minor tourist destination.

On February 7, 1984 a Terrier Malemute-type sounding rocket, with a maximum altitude of 310 miles (500 km), was launched from Fort Yukon.[6]

Geography

File:Fort Yukon, December.jpeg
Fort Yukon village street on the Winter Solstice, before sunrise at 11:30 am.

Fort Yukon is located at Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (66.567586, -145.256327).[7] Fort Yukon is located on the north bank of the Yukon River at its junction with the Porcupine River, about 145 miles (233 km) northeast of Fairbanks.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city in Northeastern Alaska has a total area of 7.4 square miles (19 km2), of which, 7.0 square miles (18 km2) of it is land and 0.4 square miles (1.0 km2) of it (5.65%) is water.

It is located 8 miles (13 km) north of the Arctic Circle, at the confluence of the Yukon and Porcupine Rivers and in the middle of the Yukon Flats.

Climate

The highest temperature ever recorded in Alaska occurred in Fort Yukon on June 27, 1915, when it reached 100 °F (38 °C).[8][9] Until 1971, Ft. Yukon also held the all-time lowest temperature record at −78 °F (−61 °C). The climate regime is a strong continental subarctic climate with cold winters. Summer temperatures are exceptionally high for such a northerly area, being far warmer than the tree line threshold.

Climate data for Fort Yukon, Alaska (1915-1990)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 35
(2)
36
(2)
48
(9)
65
(18)
85
(29)
100
(38)
97
(36)
88
(31)
79
(26)
52
(11)
38
(3)
35
(2)
100
(38)
Average high °F (°C) −10.9
(−23.8)
−3.6
(−19.8)
14.7
(−9.6)
34.8
(1.6)
56.1
(13.4)
70.9
(21.6)
73.2
(22.9)
66.3
(19.1)
50.6
(10.3)
27.2
(−2.7)
1.3
(−17.1)
−8.7
(−22.6)
31.0
(−0.6)
Daily mean °F (°C) −19.3
(−28.5)
−13.5
(−25.3)
1.6
(−16.9)
21.8
(−5.7)
44.1
(6.7)
59.3
(15.2)
62.1
(16.7)
55.4
(13)
41.3
(5.2)
19.8
(−6.8)
−6.4
(−21.3)
−16.6
(−27)
20.9
(−6.2)
Average low °F (°C) −27.8
(−33.2)
−23.4
(−30.8)
−11.5
(−24.2)
9.0
(−12.8)
32.1
(0.1)
47.9
(8.8)
51.2
(10.7)
44.7
(7.1)
32.1
(0.1)
12.4
(−10.9)
−14.2
(−25.7)
−24.6
(−31.4)
10.7
(−11.8)
Record low °F (°C) −78
(−61)
−69
(−56)
−62
(−52)
−42
(−41)
−3
(−19)
25
(−4)
30
(−1)
21
(−6)
0
(−18)
−40
(−40)
−56
(−49)
−67
(−55)
−78
(−61)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.49
(12.4)
0.36
(9.1)
0.28
(7.1)
0.21
(5.3)
0.31
(7.9)
0.73
(18.5)
0.81
(20.6)
1.06
(26.9)
0.79
(20.1)
0.59
(15)
0.42
(10.7)
0.52
(13.2)
6.57
(166.9)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 6.7
(17)
5.1
(13)
4.1
(10.4)
2.4
(6.1)
0.6
(1.5)
1.2
(3)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1.7
(4.3)
6.8
(17.3)
6.5
(16.5)
6.7
(17)
41.9
(106.4)
Average relative humidity (%) 72 73 61 57 49 54 61 71 74 78 78 74 66.8
Source #1: Fort Yukon, Alaska weather data [10]
Source #2: Fort Yukon Airport (Humidity)[11]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop.
1900 156
1910 321 105.8%
1920 319 −0.6%
1930 304 −4.7%
1940 274 −9.9%
1950 446 62.8%
1960 701 57.2%
1970 448 −36.1%
1980 619 38.2%
1990 580 −6.3%
2000 595 2.6%
2010 583 −2.0%
Est. 2014 573 [12] −1.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[13]

As of the census[14] of 2000, there were 595 people, 225 households, and 137 families residing in the city. The population density was 85.0 people per square mile (32.8/km²). There were 317 housing units at an average density of 45.3 per square mile (17.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 10.76% White, 0.17% Black or African American, 0.17% Asian, 86.05% Native American, and 0.17% from other races, and 2.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.34% of the population.

There were 225 households out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.8% were married couples living together, 23.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.37.

In the city the population was spread out with 33.4% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 6.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 112.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,375, and the median income for a family was $32,083. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $27,813 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,360. About 18.0% of families and 18.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.3% of those under age 18 and 3.5% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

References

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  2. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ANLC : Alaska Native Place Names
  4. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. The Hougen Group of Companies - A Yukon Tradition
  6. "Fort Yukon". Encyclopedia Astronautica. astronautix.com. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
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  10. Fort Yukon, Alaska - Period of Record : 1/1/1938 to 3/31/1990. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
  11. Fort Yukon, Alaska climate. Retrieved August 12, 2013
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