Françoise de Lorraine, Duchess of Vendôme

Françoise de Lorraine, Duchess of Vendôme
Duchess of Vendôme
File:Engraving of Françoise de Lorraine (1592-1669) Duchess of Vendôme.jpg Engraving of Françoise while a widow
Born	1592 France
Died	8 September 1669 Paris, France
Burial	Capucins, Paris, France
Spouse	César, Duke of Vendôme
Issue Detail	Louis, Duke of Vendôme François, Duke of Beaufort Élisabeth, Duchess of Nemours
Full name Françoise de Lorraine-Mercœur
Father	Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur
Mother	Marie de Luxembourg

Françoise de Lorraine-Mercœur (November 1592 – 8 September 1669) was a princess of Lorraine and daughter-in-law of Henry IV of France. Sometimes known as Françoise de Mercœur, she belonged to the Mercœur cadet branch of the sovereign Dukes of Lorraine and was a niece of Louise of Lorraine, wife of the previous King Henry III. Françoise was the heiress of her father and, as such, was the Duchess of Mercœur and Penthièvre suo jure.

Biography

Françoise was the youngest of two children. She was born in November 1592 with the exact date unknown; her only sibling, Philippe Louis, died in 1590 aged one making her the heiress to a large private fortune. During the reign of Henry III, her father had put himself at the head of the Catholic League in Brittany, and had himself proclaimed protector of the Roman Catholic Church in the province in 1588. Invoking the hereditary rights of his wife, who was a descendant of the Dukes of Brittany, he endeavoured to make himself independent in that province, and organised a government at Nantes, calling his son "prince and duke of Brittany".

File:Coat of arms of Françoise of Lorraine as Duchess of Vendôme.png

Coat of arms as Duchess of Vendôme

With the aid of the Spaniards he defeated Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier, whom Henry IV of France had sent against him, at Craon in 1592. The king marched against Meroeur in person. As part of their peace they drew up a marriage contract in 1596 whereby his daughter, would marry Henry's legitimised son.

The French and Spanish then signed the Peace of Vervins on 2 May 1598 when Françoise was 6; part of the treaty again stipulated that the young Françoise would be engaged to the illegitimate child of Henry IV, César de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme. Vendôme was the eldest child of the King and his mistress Gabrielle d'Estrées.

The wedding took place at the palace of Fontainebleau on 16 July 1609. The bride was 16, the groom 15. The couple had three children and were the paternal grandparents of le Grand Vendôme. Due to the marriage contract, César acquired the right to manage her lands. Her husband died disgraced in 1665, having been involved in the Fronde and having been accused of trying to poison Cardinal Richelieu. In the same year she went to Savoy with her granddaughter Marie Jeanne of Savoy, who was to wed Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy. The duchies of Mercœur and Penthièvre were inherited by her eldest son. Françoise died in Paris in 1669 aged 77 and was buried there. Other fiefs that Françoise owned were the princedom of Martigues, the duchy of Étampes and the seigneurie of Ancenis.

Issue

1. Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme (1612–1669) married Laura Mancini and had issue.
2. Élisabeth de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Vendôme (1614–1664) married Charles Amadeus of Savoy, Duke of Nemours and had issue.
3. François de Bourbon, Duke of Beaufort (1616–1669) died unmarried.

Ancestry

Family of Françoise de Lorraine, Duchess of Vendôme

16. René II, Duke of Lorraine               8. Antoine, Duke of Lorraine                       17. Philippa of Guelders               4. Nicolas de Lorraine, duc de Mercœur                             18. Gilbert de Bourbon, Count of Montpensier               9. Renée de Bourbon-Montpensier                       19. Clara Gonzaga               2. Philippe Emmanuel de Lorraine, duc de Mercœur                                   20. Philip II, Duke of Savoy               10. Philippe of Savoy, duc de Nemours                       21. Claudine de Brosse               5. Joanna of Savoy                             22. Louis I d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville               11. Charlotte d'Orléans-Longueville                       23. Margravine Johanna of Baden-Hochberg-Sausenberg               1. Françoise de Lorraine-Mercœur                                         24. François de Luxembourg, vicomte de Martigues               12. François de Luxembourg, vicomte de Martigues                       25. Louise of Savoy, dame d'Evian               6. Sébastien de Luxembourg, duc de Penthièvre                             26. René de Brosse, comte de Penthièvre               13. Charlotte de Brosse                       27. Jeanne de La Clyte de Commines               3. Marie de Luxembourg                                   28. Pierre de Beaucaire               14. Jean de Beaucaire                       29. Françoise de Bayard               7. Marie de Beaucaire                             30. Henri Lyonnet du Breuil, seigneur du Paluau en Bourbonnais               15. Guyonne du Breuil                       31. Anne de Baudreul

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

• 1592 – 16 July 1609 Mademoiselle de Mercœur
• 16 July 1609 – 22 October 1665 Her Serene Highness the Duchess of Vendôme
• 22 October 1665 – 8 September 1669 Her Serene Highness the Dowager Duchess of Vendôme

External links

Media related to at Wikimedia Commons