Froehde reagent
The Froehde reagent is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify alkaloids, especially opioids, as well as other compounds. It is composed of a mixture of molybdic acid or a molybdate salt dissolved in hot, concentrated sulfuric acid, which is then dripped onto the substance being tested.
The United States Department of Justice method for producing the reagent is the addition of 100 mL of hot, concentrated (95–98%) sulfuric acid to 0.5 g of sodium molybdate or molybdic acid.[1]
The Virginia Department of Forensic Science method uses 0.5 g ammonium molybdate per 100 mL H2SO4 (conc.)[2]
Unheated sulfuric acid can be used to prepare the reagent in a less dangerous manner, but 2–4 hours must be allowed for the molybdate to dissolve.
| Substance | Color |
|---|---|
| Amphetamine | No reaction[3] or Red[4] |
| Cathinone | No Reaction[5] |
| Methcathinone | No Reaction[5] |
| 4-MMC | No Reaction [5] |
| 3-FMC | No Reaction[5] |
| MDMA | Black[3] |
| Methylone | Bright Yellow[5] |
| MDPV | Bright Yellow[5] |
| Butylone | Yellow > Green[6] |
| 3,4-DMMC | Light Brown[6] |
| Naphyrone | Orange[6] |
| PMA | Pale Green[3] |
| PMMA | Pale Green[3] |
| 4-MeO-PCP | Light Yellow[6] |
| Methoxetamine | Yellow - Green[6] |
| 3-HO-PCE | Black[6] |
| 5-MeO-DALT | Yellow[6] |
| 4-AcO-DALT | Yellow > Green[6] |
| 4-HO-MET | Yellow > Green[6] |
| 4-HO-MIPT | Yellow > Green[6] |
| 4-AcO-DET | Yellow > Green[6] |
| aMT | Yellow[6] |
| 5-IT | Red Brown[6] |
| 5-APB | Dark Purple[6] |
| 6-APB | Purple[6] |
| Camfetamine | Tan > Dark Yellow[6] |
| Methiopropamine | Light Brown[6] |
| MDAI | Green > Black[6] |
| 5-IAI | Orange[6] |
| Allylescaline | Green > Black (fast)[6] |
| 2C-T-2 | Orange > Purple[6] |
| 2C-B | Yellow[2] |
| 2C-P | Green[6] |
| b-methoxy-2C-D | Red[6] |
| Acetaminophen | Pale Blue[2] |
| Aspirin | Grayish Purple[1] or Blue > Purple[2] |
| Alimemazine | Purple Red[4] |
| Chlorphentermine | Green[4] |
| Chlorpromazine HCl | Very Deep Red[1][4] |
| Contac HCl | Moderate Olive Brown[1] |
| Dimethoxy-meth HCl | Very Yellow Green[1] |
| Diphenhydramine | Orange[4] |
| Doxepin HCl | Deep Reddish Brown[1][4] |
| Dristan | Light Bluish Green[1] |
| Ephedrine | Brown[4] |
| Exedrine | Brilliant Blue[1] |
| Flurazepam | Orange[4] |
| LSD | Moderate Yellow Green,[1] Yellow Green[4] |
| Mace | Light Olive Yellow[1] |
| MDA HCl | Greenish Black[1][4] |
| Mescaline | Green or Brown or Light Yellow[4] |
| Meperidine | Grey[2] |
| Modafinil | Deep orange/red[7] |
| Morphine monohydrate | Deep Purplish[2] Red[1] > Slate[2] |
| Heroin HCl | Deep Purplish Red[1][4] > Green[2] |
| Opium | Brownish Black[1][4] |
| Oxycodone HCl | Strong Yellow[1][2] - Blue[4] or Green[4] |
| Codeine HCl | Very Dark[1] Green[4] > Red - Brown[2] |
| Hydromorphone | Blue > Purple[2] |
| Hydrocodone | Light[2] Yellow[4] |
| Pentazocine | Blue[2][4] |
| Pethidine | Yellow[4] |
| Phenoxymethylpenicillin | Blue[2] |
| Phenyltoloxamine | Green[4] |
| Promazine | Orange[4] |
| Promethazine | Purple Red[4] |
| Propoxyphene HCl | Dark Grayish Red[1][4] or Brown[2] |
| Propylhexadrine | Purple Red[4] |
| Sugar | Brilliant Yellow[1] |
| Salicylic acid | Purple Red[4] |
| Tetracycline | Purple Red[4] |
| Thioridazine | Purple Red[4] |
| Guaifenesin | Green with Purple streaks[2] |
| Methapyrilene | Purple[2] |
| Pyrilamine | Purple[2] |
| Trifluoperazine | Orange[4] |
| Triflupromazine | Orange[4] |
See also
- Pill testing
- Dille–Koppanyi reagent
- Folin's reagent
- Liebermann reagent
- Mandelin reagent
- Marquis reagent
- Mecke reagent
- Simon's reagent
- Zwikker reagent
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
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