General Motors Epsilon platform

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Main article: List of GM platforms
GM Epsilon platform
Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2.4 – Frontansicht, 9. August 2013, Velbert.jpg
Overview
Manufacturer General Motors
Production 2002–present
Body and chassis
Class Compact executive car (D) platform
Mid-size (D) platform
Large car (E) platform
Layout Transverse[1] front engine, front-wheel drive/all-wheel drive
Body style(s) 2-door Convertible
4-door Sedan/Saloon
5-door Hatchback/Liftback
5-door Station wagon/Estate/Caravan
5-door Multi-purpose vehicle
Vehicles Buick Lacrosse/Alpheon
Cadillac BLS
Cadillac XTS
Chevrolet Classic
Chevrolet Impala
Chevrolet/Holden Malibu
Chevrolet Malibu Maxx
Fiat Croma
Opel Insignia/Buick Regal
Opel Signum
Opel Vectra
Pontiac G6
Roewe 950
Saab 9-3
Saab 9-5
Saturn Aura
Related GM Alpha platform
Powertrain
Engine(s)
Chronology
Predecessor GM N platform
GM2900 platform
GM W platform
GM G platform
GM Zeta Platform
Successor GM VSS-F

Epsilon is General Motors' mid-size front-wheel drive automobile platform. The architecture was multi-division project of GM North America, Opel and Saab,[2] and debuted in the 2002 Opel Vectra and 2003 Saab 9-3. Since this platform falls squarely in the center of the worldwide automobile market, GM plans to produce a great many Epsilon vehicles with over a dozen variations. As of 2005, it was GM's highest volume worldwide platform. Even after the dissolution of the GM/Fiat partnership, both companies retain the rights to continue developing Epsilon-derived models.

A total of 16 different models have made use of the GM Epsilon platform, some of which remain in production 19 years after the platform debuted.

Features

GM's Epsilon platform replaced the N platform in the US, and replaced the GM2900 platform elsewhere. Vehicles of this platform generally carry the symbol "Z" in the fourth digit of their VINs.

When the platform debuted, there was talk of an "Epsilon Wide" derivative, which was supposed to have provided the underpinnings for the Buick LaCrosse and Saab 9-5. However, the program was cancelled and the LaCrosse was put on the W platform, and the 9-5 was given a quick refresh for the 2006 model year.[citation needed]

The Epsilon platform is a midsize front-driver promising a 200 percent improvement in rigidity, with aluminum suspension components—MacPherson struts in front and a four-link independent arrangement in the rear, and four-wheel disc brakes. Many of the Epsilon vehicles use the Ecotec Inline-four engines and both the High Value and High Feature V6 engines.

The refreshed 2008 SAAB 9-3 debuted with an advanced version of all-wheel-drive it dubbed XWD, finally giving a definitive answer to rumors about the platform's ability to support AWD, which had been around since the debut of the platform.

The Lambda and Theta Premium crossover platforms are derived from Epsilon.[citation needed]

Vehicles

Vehicles based on the Epsilon I platform:

  • Opel Vectra C GTS Facelift Starsilber.JPG

    Opel Vectra C

  • 2007 Vauxhall Vectra Exclusiv 1.8 Front.jpg

    Vauxhall Vectra

  • 2003 Holden Vectra (ZC MY03) CD hatchback (2016-01-04) 01.jpg

    Holden Vectra

  • Chevrolet Vectra 2.2 Elegance 2007 (13929776740).jpg

    Chevrolet Vectra

  • Saab 9-3

  • Saab 9-3 Convertible

  • Saab 9-3 Sport Combi Vector 1.9 TiD.JPG

    Saab 9-3 SportCombi

  • Saab 9-3X

  • Cadillac BLS front 20080823.jpg

    Cadillac BLS

  • Cadillac BLS D Wagon front 20100508.jpg

    Cadillac BLS Wagon

  • 06-07 Chevrolet Malibu.jpg

    Chevrolet Malibu

  • 06-07 Chevrolet Malibu MAXX.jpg

    Chevrolet Malibu Maxx

  • Opel Vectra C Caravan 3.0 V6 CDTI Facelift front TEST.jpg

    Opel Vectra C Caravan

  • 2009 Vauxhall Vectra Estate.jpg

    Vauxhall Vectra Estate

  • Opel Signum

  • Vauxhall Signum 2198cc May 2006.jpg

    Vauxhall Signum

  • 2008-Chevrolet-Malibu-LTZ-DC.jpg

    Chevrolet Malibu

  • Pontiac G6 Sedan.jpg

    Pontiac G6

  • Pontiac-G6-coupe.jpg

    Pontiac G6 Coupe

  • Pontiac G6 Convertible.JPG

    Pontiac G6 Convertible

  • Saturn Aura

  • 2010 Fiat Croma.JPG

    Fiat Croma

Cancelled vehicles which would have used this platform:

Epsilon II

A new version of the Epsilon, dubbed Epsilon II, debuted in 2008. It is adaptable for front and all-wheel drive applications. In long wheelbase format, Epsilon II supports US EPA Large Cars, allowing GM to replace the G and W platforms. The architecture was developed by Opel in Rüsselsheim, Germany. Many safety features and AWD fitment modifications were done by Saab.[3]

Current and announced vehicles built on Epsilon II:

  • Opel Insignia 2.0 Turbo Cosmo 4x4 2016.jpg

    Opel Insignia

  • Opel Insignia OPC

  • Opel Insignia Sports Tourer

  • 2016 Vauxhall Insignia Design 1.4.jpg

    Vauxhall Insignia

  • Vauxhall Insignia Break.jpg

    Vauxhall Insignia Estate

  • Buick Regal

  • Buick Regal GS

  • Holden Insignia VXR

  • Chevrolet Vectra 2.0 Turbo.jpg

    Chevrolet Vectra

  • Buick LaCrosse

  • ALPHEON Ext.jpg

    Alpheon EL300

  • Roewe e950 front.jpg

    Roewe 950

  • 2013 Chevrolet Malibu Eco -- 2012 DC 1.JPG

    Chevrolet Malibu

  • 14 Chevrolet Impala LT (14344066639).jpg

    Chevrolet Impala

  • Cadillac XTS facelift 01 China 2018-03-28.jpg

    Cadillac XTS

  • 2012 Saab 9-5 Aero Turbo4 Automatic 2.0 Front.jpg

    Saab 9-5

Concept vehicles built on Epsilon II:

  • Buick Riviera Concept (2007)

  • Opel GTC Concept (retouched).jpg

    Opel GTC Concept

E2XX

E2XX is a moderately updated version of Epsilon 2 platform,[5] consistent with other platform revamps, such as the D2XX based on Delta II.

The E2XX platform targets weight reductions and longer wheelbases.

Vehicles

Vehicle built on E2XX:

  • Chevrolet Malibu 2020.jpg

    Chevrolet Malibu

  • Opel Insignia B (20170625 191333).jpg

    Opel Insignia Grand Sport

  • Opel Insignia Sports Tourer 1.5 DIT Innovation (B) – Frontansicht, 12. Mai 2017, Düsseldorf.jpg

    Opel Insignia Sports Tourer

  • Opel Insignia, IAA 2017, Frankfurt (1Y7A3364).jpg

    Opel Insignia Country Tourer

  • Opel Insignia GSi IMG 0917.jpg

    Opel Insignia GSi

  • 2018 Vauxhall Insignia SRi NAV Turbo 1.5 Front.jpg

    Vauxhall Insignia Grand Sport

  • Vauxhall Insignia Sports Tourer diesel 1956cc registered September 2017.jpg

    Vauxhall Insignia Sports Tourer

  • 2018 Buick Regal Sportback Preferred II FWD, Ebony Twilight Metallic, front right.jpg

    Buick Regal Sportback

  • Buick Regal II GS 001.jpg

    Buick Regal GS

  • 2018 Buick Regal TourX Preferred AWD, front right.jpg

    Buick Regal TourX

  • 2018 Holden Commodore (ZB MY18) LT sedan (2018-08-06) 01a.jpg

    Holden Commodore (ZB)

  • 2018 Holden Calais (ZB MY18) V6 AWD Tourer (2018-11-29) 01.jpg

    Holden Commodore (ZB) Tourer

  • Cadillac XT4 0001 China 2019-03-13.jpg

    Cadillac XT4

  • Buick Envision S 005.jpg

    Buick Envision

P2XX

P2XX is the longer variant of the E2XX platform.

Vehicle built on P2XX:

  • Buick LaCrosse III facelift 01 China 2019-04-04.jpg

    Buick LaCrosse

C1XX

C1XX is the crossover variant of the E2XX platform, replacing the Theta Premium and Lambda platforms.

Vehicles built on C1XX:

Two-row mid-size:

  • 2019 Cadillac XT5 Luxury 3.6L front 3.24.19.jpg

    Cadillac XT5

  • 2019 Chevrolet Blazer au SIAM 2019.jpg

    Chevrolet Blazer

Three-row mid-size:

  • 2020 GMC Acadia AT4 front NYIAS 2019.jpg

    GMC Acadia

  • Holden Acadia Launch, 29 August 2018 (43429186695).jpg

    Holden Acadia

  • Buick Enlave Chinese version 001.jpg

    Buick Enclave

  • Chevrolet Blazer 003.jpg

    Chevrolet Blazer

  • 2020 Cadillac XT6 AWD front NYIAS 2019.jpg

    Cadillac XT6

Full-size:

  • 2019 Buick Enclave 3.6L, front 8.25.19.jpg

    Buick Enclave

  • Chevrolet Traverse 3.6 Premier AWD 2018.jpg

    Chevrolet Traverse

Footnotes

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References

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